Basic and Applied Studies on Detergency of Textile Fabrics

根据麦格雷戈理论，分析了离子表面活性剂在维尼纶和醋酸酯中的平衡吸收数据。该理论模型适用于任何表面活性剂-纺织纤维体系（A. Katayama）。通过测量液滴的表观接触角和扩散速度，研究了液体在纺织品上的毛细渗透和/或扩散。表观接触角与织物的几何结构有关，扩散速度由纤维的渗透性和表面自由能决定（T. Kawase）。甘油酯能有效降低油水界面张力。加入水相的十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）与单甘油酯在油水界面处相互作用，引起自发乳化。甘油酯与SDS的相互作用使其具有较高的去除率（T. Fujii）。硬脂醇与底物之间的粘附和去除与根据表面张力计算的粘附功有很好的相关性（M.Saito）。温度对去除过程速率常数的依赖表明，液晶相的形成在油性土壤的去污剂作用中起重要作用（S. Kuroiwa， I. Yamada）。得到了<Fe_2> <O_3> <H_2> O/聚酯/正构烷烃体系的黏附等温线，并估算了相对亲和参数（N. Watanabe）。从静电和范德华相互作用的角度研究了晶格在纤维上的沉积速率。速率常数取决于能垒的大小（K. Kawasaki）。从组分间相互作用的角度研究了双组分土壤对标准脏布的去污力（S. Nakanishi）。从机械力的角度研究了颗粒土在压缩冲击（C. Tada）、层流（Y. Hikage）和电渗流（M. Tagawa）下的剥离作用。

The equilliblium absorption data of ionic surfactants in vinylon and acetate are analyzed on the basis of the McGregor theory. The theoretical model was applicable to any surfactant-textile fiber system (A. Katayama). Capillary penetration and/or spreading of liquids on the textiles were studied by the measurements of the apparent contact angles and the velocities of spreading of drops. The apparent contact angles correlate to the geometrical structure of textiles and the spreading velocities are determined by the permeability of fibers and their surface free energies (T. Kawase). Glycerides were effective in lowering the interfacial tension at oil/water interface. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) added to the water phase interacted with monoglyceride at the oil/water interface, causing the spontaneous emulsification. The interaction between glycerides and SDS brings the high detergency (T. Fujii). Adhesion and removal of stearyl alcohol to and from substrates showed good correlation with the work of adhesion calculated from surface tensions (M.Saito). The temperature dependence on rate constants of removal processes suggested that the formation of liquid crystalline phases played an important role in oily soil detergent action (S. Kuroiwa, I. Yamada). Adhesion isotherms were obtained in the system of <Fe_2> <O_3> <H_2> O/polyester/n-alkane, and the relative affinity parameter was estimated (N. Watanabe). The deposition rate of latices onto fibers was investigated in terms of the electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. The rate constants depend on the magnitude of energy barrier (K. Kawasaki). The detergency of standard soiled cloths with two-component soils was studied from the standpoint of the interactions between components (S. Nakanishi). Detachment of particulate soils by compressive impact (C. Tada), laminar flow (Y. Hikage) and electro-osmotic flow (M. Tagawa) was investigated from the viewpoint of mechanical force in detergency.