Assessment of yield potentiality in crop plants

新品种或新品种表现出稳定的产量，收获指数和成熟率高于老品种。一个值得注意的发现是，它们的释放减少了。结果表明，水稻早熟阶段叶面积和穗轴重量较大，后期根系呼吸强度较大，是水稻成熟的主要原因。通过对日本暖区春小麦品种与国外高产品种的比较，证实了日本品种库容量较低，强调需进一步提高库容量和伴生源活性。半矮秆硬秆春小麦品系对氮素的反应同时提高产量和收获指数，在氮素12 kg水平下产量可达550g/m2。抑制营养生长和提高收获指数是提高籽粒豆科牧草产量的有效途径。密植大豆矮化突变体“Hyuga”产量较高。指出了花生亚种的早熟和分枝少对花生高产的贡献。在蚕豆中，保持100个1m高的有效茎，可获得约500g/m~2的籽粒。在块茎作物(马铃薯、甘薯和芋)中，对具有明显光合作用和块茎生长特性的品种进行了深入的比较。每种作物叶面积和活性的增加和维持与块茎生长密切相关。在测定氮素吸收及其对光能的吸收和利用的基础上，对具有代表性的作物进行了正确的评价。上述结果和发现为理解作物的潜在产量提供了合理和有益的建议。

The newer cultivars or rice showed a stable productivity with higher harvest index and higher percentage of ripened grains than the older ones. A notable finding was a decrease their release. It was noticed that ripening of rice incereases by larger leaf area and rachis weight per grain during early ripening stage and by higher respiration rate of roots during later stage. As the results of comparison between the cultivars grown in warm areas of Japan and foreign highly productive ones, it was certified that the Japanese cultivars have poor sink capacity and stressed that further improvement is necessary in sink capacity and accompanying source activity.The semi-dwarf spring wheat strains with stiff straws increased yield and harvest index simultaneously responding to amounts of nitrogen, and grain yield attained 550g/m^2 under N 12kg level.Suppression of vegetative growth and increase of harvest index are effective commonly for increase of yield in grain legumes. Dense planting of dwarf mutantstrain of soybean cultivar, "Hyuga" produced high yield. contribution of earliness and few branch of sub-species fastigiata to higher yield was pointed out in peanut. In broad bean maintenance of 100 effective stems of 1 m high might giveabout 500g/m^2 of grains.In tuber crops(potato, sweet potato and taro), cultivars with distinct characters in photosynthetic ability and tuber growth were compared thoroughly. Increase and maintenance of leaf area and activity are closely related with tuber growth in each crop.Based on measurements of nitrogen uptake and rate of its utilization and absorption of solar energy and its utilization, representative crops were assessed correctly.These results and findings mentioned above present reasonable and usefull suggestions for understanding of potential crop yield.