Studies on mechanisms of protective immunity of fish and dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms in aquatic environment.

1. 虹鳟鱼腹腔巨噬细胞对鳗弧菌的吞噬作用在抗体和补体的作用下增强。注射灭活的鳗弧菌后，鳟鱼不仅在抗体检测前表现出保护性免疫，而且巨噬细胞也被激活。鳟鱼血清C反应蛋白活化补体红鲷上皮囊藻病病原分离失败，体外共培养成功。这种疾病是在红鲷鱼幼鱼中人工繁殖的。据估计，致病菌的大小平均为0.51 m。溶血弧菌数目。由两种半咸淡胃足软体动物（逆行蛤蚌和日本蛤蚌）携带，个体差异很大。从这些软体动物中分离出的弧菌中约有30%对神奈川溶血素呈阳性，经实验接种后，弧菌在这些软体动物中定居，而在白色白僵菌中不定居。用嗜水气单胞菌粗脂多糖免疫鲫鱼（Cyprinus carpio…More），在抗体检测前表现出较强的保护性免疫，这种免疫不随抗体转移，而是通过非黏附肾细胞转移。巨噬细胞吞噬能力增强。免疫鲤鱼肾细胞培养液增强了未免疫鲤鱼的吞噬作用。JOV-1病毒是从石川县、岩手县和广岛县培养的牡蛎中分离出来的。日本小颈、贻贝、扇贝和鲍鱼的病毒恢复呈阴性。虹鳟鱼和鲑鱼接种病毒后的死亡率与水温有显著关系。温度低于10℃，幼鱼死亡率高。ELISA抗体是用虹鳟接种有毒或灭活的沙门氏气单胞菌制备的，与凝集素和血清稀释平行。ELISA检测结果显示，沙门氏菌与抗原性相关菌之间几乎没有交叉反应。鱼的保护性免疫与ELISA或凝集素没有关系。少

1. Phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages of rainbow trout against Vibrio anguillarum was enhanced by the presence of antibody and complement. The trout injected with killed V. anguillarum showed not only protective immunity prior to the detection of antibody but also activation of macrophages. C reactive proteinof trout serum activated complement.2. Isolation of causative agent of epitheliocystis disease of red sea bream was failed but its cultivation in vitro was succesful by co-cultivation. The disease was artificially reproduced in young red sea bream. Size of the causative agent was estimated as 0.51 m in average.3. Number of Vibrio haemolvticus. which was carried by two brackish gastropodmolluscs, Clithon retropictus and Corbicula japonica, considerably varied individually. About 30 % of Vibrio isolates from these molluscs were positive for Kanagawa haemolysin, Upon experimental inoculation, the Vibrio settled in these molluscs but not in Nerita albicilla.4. Carp (Cyprinus carpio … More ) immunized with crude lipopolysaccharid of Aeromonas hydrophila demonstrated strong protective immunity prior to the detection of antibody, This immunity was not transferred with antibody but transferred with non-adhesive kidney cells. Phagocytosis of macrophage was increased. Culture fluid of kidney cells of immunized carp enhanced phagocytosis of non-immunized carp.5. JOV-1 virus was recovered from cultured oyster obtained from Ishikawa, Iwate and Hiroshima Prefectures. Virus recovery was ngative from Japanese littleneck, mussel, scallop and abalone. Mortality of rainbow trout and salmon after inoculation with the virus markably depended on water temperature. Lower temperature than 10 C induced high mortality in younger fish.6. ELISA antibody was produced by inoculation of rainbow trout with virulent or killed Aeromonas salmonicida and was in parallel with agglutinin and dilution of serum. Using ELISA, almost no cross-reaction was observed between A. salmonicida and antigenically related bacteria. There was no relationship between protective immunity in fish and ELISA or agglutinin. Less