A model for spatial loudness summation of sounds with various temporal structures.

研究了声音的时间和空间方面对响度的影响，结果表明：1）明确了来自不同方向的各种声音的响度可以通过能量总和模型（Leq）作为第一近似来评估。2)在混合声源中，突出的声音（例如，有意义的声音或移动的声音）倾向于成为“人物”（S），而其他声音倾向于成为“背景”（N）。“数字”音的响度由信噪比决定。3)当从不同方向呈现“图形”和“背景”声音时，“图形”声音被判断为比从相同方向呈现这两种声音时更大。4)移动的声音并不总是被认为比固定的声音大。然而，如果它的运动引起注意，它的声音可能会更大。5)当各种声音被单耳呈现时，它们的响度由Leq决定，呈现中的空间因素对响度的影响很小。6)用非稳态声研究了听觉的动态特性。单耳和双耳呈现的结果不同，提示刺激开始时的过冲可能是由于时间掩蔽效应，需要进一步的研究才能得出普遍的结论。

The effect of temporal and spatial aspects of sounds on the loudness was investigated, and the result suggests the followings:1) It was made clear that the loudness of various sounds from various directions can be evaluated by an energy summation model (Leq), as a first approximation. 2) Among mixed sound sources, a prominent sound (e.g. a meaningful sound, or a moving sound) tend to become "figure" (S), and other sounds tend to become "background" (N). The loudness of "figure" sound is determined by S/N. 3) When "figure" and "backgound" sounds are presented from different directions, the "figure" sound is judged as being louder than when both sounds are presented from the same direction. 4) A moving sound is not always perceived as being louder than a fixed sound. However, it can be louder if its movement attracts attention. 5) When various sounds are monaurally presented, their loudness is determined by Leq, and spatial factors in the presentation has little effect on the loudness. 6) The dynamic characteristics of hearing was investigated using non-steady state sounds. The result was different between monaural and dichotic presentation of the sounds, which suggests the overshoot at the onset of the stimulus may be due to the effect temporal masking.Further investigation is needed in order to draw a general conclusion.