Positivistic Study on the Changing Process of Catholic Churches

显然，日本所谓的欧式建筑是在德川政府末期受欧式建筑的直接影响而发展起来的。然而，这种类型的建筑的历史呈现出无法从欧洲建筑史的角度来解释的特殊性。尤其是天主教堂的历史拒绝用欧洲建筑史的原则来解释。因此，我们尝试对天主教教会的自主演变过程进行实证研究。明治10年代的教会以露阴为特征，重建后的立屋教会具有原始形态。大正二代（1913年）的今村教堂使教会建筑达到了完美的状态。但随着钢筋混凝土教堂的出现和Oriage-Tenjo的引入，形式变得多样化。因此，我们有 ...更多信息 e根据组织和结构原则之间的相互关系，展示了教会变革过程的所有阶段。并将这一过程划分为准备、发展、完善、停滞和多样化五个阶段。这样的分类是建筑史上的重要课题之一。我们还考虑了日本木匠与外国传教士的关系，并通过调查现存的教堂建筑来明确这一点，其中三位法国传教士向包括铁川洋介在内的日本木匠传授了欧洲建筑技术。哲川先生不仅设计建造了多座教堂，而且在引领发展走向完善方面发挥了重要作用。此外，他希望进一步发展，并试图创造新的内部空间。在这方面，我们建议给予他一个“建筑师-大师-建设者”的历史地位。少

It is obvious that so-called European-style architecture in Japan has developed from the last days of the Tokugawa Goverment under the direct influence of European architecture. A history of this type of architecture, however, presents particularities which can not be interpreted from the point of view of a history of European architecture. Especially a history of catholic churches refuses an explanation by principles of history of European architecture. So we have tried the positivistic study on the process of an autonomous evolution of our catholic churches.The churches of the 10's of the Meiji era are characterized by exposed Nuki, and we have affirmed that the reconstructed Tachiya church possesses the primordial form. The ecclesiastical architecture achieves a state of perfection with Imamura church from the 2nd of the Taisho era (1913). But forms became diversified with the appearance of churches built by reinforced concrete and with the introduction of Oriage-Tenjo. Thus, we hav … More e shown all the phases of the process of change of the churches in accordance with the interrelationship between principles of organization and structure. Moreover, we have proposed to classify this process into five eras, that is Preparation, Development, Perfection, Stagnation, and Diversification. Such a classification is one of the important subjects in architectural history in general.We have also considered the relation between Japanese carpenters and foreign missionries, and have made it clear by investigating existing church buildings where three French missionaries taught the technology of European architecture to Japanese carpenters including Yosuke Tetsukawa. Mr.Tetsukawa not only designed and constructed a number of churches, but also played an important role in leading the development to perfection. Moreover he wished further development and tried to create new interior space. In this respect, we have attemped to give him an historical position as an "architect-master-builder". Less