A Fundamental Study of the Magazines of Sports and Physical Education in the Late Nineteenth Century and Early Twentieth Centuryin America,

1.从体育新闻学的角度来看，19世纪70年代后半期，美国体育杂志的发行量较大。到二十世纪初，大约三十年的时间里，出版了156种杂志。这些杂志大致可以分为两大类：单一体育或特殊体育杂志和一般体育杂志。单项或专项体育类杂志可分为(1)以赛马为中心的信息，(2)以狩猎和射击为中心的信息，(3)以运动为中心的信息，(4)以户外活动为中心的信息，(5)以自行车和汽车为中心的信息，(6)以体育训练为中心的信息，(7)以其他为中心的信息。单项体育或专项体育杂志的出版符合当时读者的社会需求，与体育活动的盛行密切相关，需要不断了解每一项赛事的信息。普通体育杂志也吸引了读者的注意。在当时的主要杂志《郊游》中，对田野运动、竞技运动和户外运动的描述比例是三比一。《体育》杂志提供了大量与教育有关的体育活动信息。这些信息充斥在普通体育杂志或最初也不包含体育文章的普通杂志上。

1. From the point of sport journalism, the publication of the magazines of sport and physical education in America came to have large volumes in the second half of 1870s. For about thirty years to the beginning of the twentieth century, one hundred fifty-six kinds of magazines were published.2. These magazines can be divided roughly into two main classes: Single-sport or special-sport magazine and General-sport magazine. Single-sport or special-sport magazines can be divided in detail into (1)"horse and horse race"centered information, (2) "hunting and shooting" centered information, (3)"athletics" centered information,(4) "out-door activities"centered information,(5)"bicycle and automobile"centered information,(6)"physical education and training"centered information, and (7) "others"centered information.3. The publication of single-sport or special-sport magazines correspond the social demand of readers in those days and closely related to prevalence of sport activities which require continual informations about each events.4. General sports magazines also attracted attention of readers. In "Outing", a leading magazine in those days, the proportion of description about field-sports, athletic-sports and outdoor sports was three to one to two.5. The magazine of physical education offered lots of informations about physical activity connected with education. These informations pervaded on general-sport magazines or general magazines which originally did not contain articles on sports as well.