DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEPARATION AND CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE BY LIQUID MEMBRANE

在液膜分离浓缩方面，1.合成了具有两个长链烷基团的新型表面活性剂，它们在液膜过程中表现出良好的乳化行为。2.连续搅拌槽分离酸性溶液中的铬既受停留时间的影响，又受停留时间分布的影响，有利于并流分离。3.对并流搅拌塔内的渗透过程进行了模型模拟，结果表明，对于存在质子转移的体系，应控制体系的pH值，从而可以估算柱内的浓度分布并进行工艺设计。4.建立了电破乳的速率方程，建立了多孔电极连续破乳装置。在支撑液膜分离浓缩方面，1.采用直链碳氢化合物作为溶剂，提出了一种连续再生的方法。2.提出了一种新型的流动液膜，并研制了螺旋式、板式和框式组件，取得了较好的效果。3.论证了SLM和LSM分离技术在赤潮法冶金过程中的应用。在液膜分离技术的应用中，发现该技术适用于稀土金属特别是镧的分离，为分离工艺的设计提供了依据。2.作为液膜技术在生物过程中的一种应用，它成功地应用于Z-APM的连续合成。3.研究了(O/W/O)液膜对碳氢化合物的渗透强化作用，提出了一种利用相转化技术的机械破乳新技术。

In development of the separation and concentration by liquid surfactant membrane (LSM), 1. new surfactants with two long chain alkyl radicals, which showed excellent emulsion behavior in liquid membrane processes, were synthesized. 2. Separation of Cr in acidic solution using continuous stirred tank is influenced by both retention time and its distribution, and is better for co-current flow. 3. A model simulation on permeation process in contercurrent stirred column suggests that pH should be controlled for the system accompanied with proton transfer, and estimation of the concentration profile through the column and process design are possible. 4. Rate equation for electrical demulsification was presented, and continuous demulsification apparatus with perforated electrode was operated satisfactorily.In development of the separation and concentration by supported liquid membrane (SLM), 1. a straight-chain hydrocarbon was preferred as a solvent and a method for continuous regeneration of SLMs was proposed. 2. A flowing liquid membrane was presented as a new type, and a spiral- and plate-and frame-type modules were developed which could obtain good results. 3. It was demonstrated that the separation techniques by SLM and LSM could be applied to the hydrometallurgical process of Ga.In.In application of the liquid membrane separation technique, 1. the technique was found to be applicable to the separation of rare earth metals, especially lanthanum, and a fundamental information was obtained to design the separation process. 2. As an application of the liquid membrane technique to the bio-process,it was satisfactorily applied to the continuous synthesis of Z-APM. 3. The enhancement of hydrocarbon permeation through (O/W/O) liquid membranes was represented, and a new mechanical demulsification technique was developed which was utilized phase inversion.