Reconstruction of the leaf and stem-proteins into harvest organ-proteins during ripening in various crops.

1)测定了水稻、玉米、大豆和马铃薯叶片、茎和收获器官中干物质、糖、淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、游离氨基酸（含酰胺）和蛋白质氨基酸的含量。2)在收获器官灌浆过程中，水稻和玉米的叶片和茎干重保持不变，大豆和马铃薯的叶片和茎干重下降。叶片和茎中纤维素和半纤维素的比例在水稻和玉米中较大，在大豆和马铃薯中较小。由此可以认为，水稻和玉米的细胞壁是不可降解的，而大豆和马铃薯的细胞壁是可降解的。3)叶片和茎中的游离氨基酸主要为天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬酰胺和谷氨酰胺；各种氨基酸的比例随年龄、器官和作物的不同而变化。4)不同器官、不同年龄、不同作物的蛋白质氨基酸组成基本一致。然而，一个器官中蛋白质的氨基酸组成与该器官中游离氨基酸的组成不同。这些事实表明，在氮从叶片转运到收获器官的过程中，氨基酸碳在叶片和收获器官中发生了复杂的重组。

1) Amounts of dry matter, sugars, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignine, free amino acids (including amides) and protein-amino acides in the leaves, stems and harvest organs of rice, maize, soybean, and potato plants were determined at the maximum shoot-weight stage and at maturity.2) During the course of harvest organ filling, the amount of dry weight of the leaves-and-stems were kept constant in rice and maize, and decreased in soybean and potato. Proportion of cellulose and hemicellulose of leaves-and-stems were large in rice and maize, and were small in soybean and potato. From these facts it is appropriate to consider that cell walls of rice and maize were not degradable, but those of soybean and potato were.3) Major free amino acids in the leaves and the stem were aspartate, glulamate, asparagine, and glutamine; proportions of various amino acids varied with age, by organ and among crop.4) Composition of amino acids of proteins were almost consistent regardless to organ, age and crop. However, amino acid composition of proteins in an organ was diffent from that of free amino acids in the organ. These facts suggest that during the course of translocation of nitrogen from the leaves to harvest organs, complicated reorganization of carbon of amino acids take place in the leaves and again the harvest organs.