Immunocytochemical localization of bioactive neuropeptides in the hypothalamus and their roles in regulation of anterior pituitary function.

为阐明下丘脑神经肽在调节垂体前叶功能中的作用，以日本鹌鹑、仓鼠和日本长指蝙蝠为研究对象，对下丘脑中下列神经肽的分布进行了免疫细胞化学研究；黄体生成素释放激素（LHRH）、生长抑素（SOM）、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）、生长激素释放因子（GRF）、精氨酸抗压素（AVP）、催产素（OT）、脑啡肽（ENK）、p物质（SP）和神经肽y。在鹌鹑、鸡和仓鼠中，LHRH免疫反应性核周稀疏分布于视前核（POP）和中隔核（SM），而在日本长指蝙蝠中，LHRH免疫反应性核周分布于下丘脑基底区；它们在弓形核中特别丰富，并将纤维投射到正中隆起和漏斗柄的内层。鸡和鹌鹑下丘脑和正中隆起未见抗cgnrh - ii的免疫反应细胞和纤维。som免疫反应性核周广泛分布于下丘脑，主要分布在视前区、室旁核（PVN）、腹内侧核和弓形核。他们将轴突投射到前正中隆起的外层。蝙蝠PVN核周SOM也与抗ot血清反应，提示可能在一个神经元中共存两种肽。在仓鼠和日本长指蝙蝠中，grf免疫反应核周分布在室旁核和内侧视前区，并投射到前正中隆起的外层，而grf免疫反应核周仅发生在弓形核，并投射到正中隆起的后部。

To elucidate the role of hypothalamic neuropeptides in regulation of anterior pituitary function, Japanese quail, hamster and Japanese longfingered bat were used for immunocytochemical study of distribution of the following neuropeptides in the hypothalamus; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), somatostatin(SOM), corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), growth hormone-releasing factor(GRF), arginin vasopressin(AVP), oxytocin (OT), enkephalin(ENK), substance p(SP) and neuropeptide Y.In the quail, chicken and hamster, LHRH-immunoreactive perikarya were sparsely scattered in the nucleus preopticus(POP) and nucleus septalis medialis (SM), while in the Japanese long-fingered bat, they were scattered throughout the basal hypothalamus, being particularly abundant in the arcuate nucleus, and they project fibers to the internal layer of the median eminence and infundibular stalk. No immunoreactie cells and fibers against anti-cGnRH-II were observed in the hypothalamus and median eminence of the chicken or quail.SOM-immunoreactive perikarya were widely distributed in the hypothalamus, mainly in the preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and ventromedial and arcuate nuclei. They projected axons to the external layer of the anterior median eminince. SOM perikarya in the PVN of the bat were also reacted to anti-OT serum to suggested probable coexistence of two poptides in one neurons.In the hamster and Japanese long-fingered bat, CRF-immunoreactice perikarya were distributed in the paraventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area and projected into the external layer of the anterior median eminence, while GRF-immunoreactive perikarya occurred only in the arcuate nucleus and projected into the posterior part of the median eminince.