Ontogeny of the circadian oscillation: zeitgebers of maternal netrainment and its mechanism.

老鼠在第三周后出现的最大圆形节律，但振荡器驱动着第一个节律功能性地prenatallyy和由自然节律引导的。在这个实验中，泵的循环振荡器的机理和定时器（s）的初始入口被调查了。没有圆形的节奏可以从一只闪闪发光的水泵中长期测量。因此，各种可选择性玉米饼的人工周期在一天的不同阶段受到怀孕和/或护理的母亲的影响，并且对怀孕的可持续性进行了测试，以计算果汁的相位和周期，它们出现后。结果1。母体的节奏微元素是什么进入光暗循环的，当光线很小的时候，可以进入水泵的振荡器。2.受限制的每日喂养（RF;每天4小时的食物供应），当成人老鼠的环状沉积物被引入时，在第二天后出现之前引入泵的环状沉积物。 ... More ay.产妇节律（s）一对与食物相关的生长是母亲-水泵进入的过程。Melatonin，哪对情侣可以成为RF下明亮的圆形振荡器，但并不意味着成为Zeitgeber。3.母亲对食物相关的振荡器和水泵的身体温度节律是由母亲引起的热量损失造成的。因此，水泵每天从4小时或2小时脱落，以及3个不同的温度周期（10、22或30 ° C）在洗涤前被吸收。普普的降落是由4小时隔离造成的。在隔离期间，寒冷的暴露明显地增加了他们的侵略性。两个小时的隔离，任何温度循环都没有效果。4.中枢神经系统中的儿茶素神经元是RF下预喂食皮质激素峰值的负责任途径。然而，儿茶素的消耗是由6-羟基多巴胺在出生的那一天中对母亲-水泵肠道没有影响，要么在射频或广告自由喂养下。有人建议说，这种侵入是由其他途径所主导的，而不是由代谢神经元。Less（低）

Most circadian rhythms of the rat appear around the 3rd postnatal week, but the oscillator which drives the overt rhythms is functionate prenatallyy and entrained by maternal rhythms. In this experiment, the mechanism and zeitgeber(s) of the maternal entrainment of pup's circadian oscillator was investigated. No circadian rhythms can be longitudinally measured from suckling pups. Therefore, artificial cyclicities of various putative zeitgebers were imposed on pregnant and/or nursing mothers at different phases of the day, and the entainability was examined by calculating the phase and period of pup's locomotor rhythm appeared after weaning. Results 1. Maternal rhythmicities which entrained to the light-dark cycle can entrain pup's oscillator when the litter size was small. 2. The restricted daily feeding (RF; food available for 4 h per a day), which did not entrain the circadian osicllation of adult rats, entrained the pup's sircadian oscillation when imposed before the 2nd postnatal d … More ay. Maternal rhythm(s) which coupled to the food associated oscillation is the zeitgeber of mother-pups entrainment. Melatonin, which couples to the light entrainable circadian oscillator under RF, is not considered to be the zeitgeber. 3. The body temperature rhythm of mother couples to the food-associated oscillator and pups were prevented from heat loss by mother. Therefore, pups were idolated from 4 or 2 h daily, and 3 different temperature cyclicities (10, 22 or 30゜C)were imposed until weaning. Pup's oscillation was entrained by 4 h isolation. Cold exposure during the isolation significantly increased the entrainability. Two hour isolation of any temperature cycle had no effect. 4. Catecholaminergic neurons in the CNS is the responsible pathway for prefeeding corticosterone peak under RF. But catecholamine depletion by intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamin on the day of birth did not affect on the mother-pups entrainmnnt, either under RF or ad libitum feeding. It is suggested that this entrainment is mediated by the pathways other than the catecholaminergic neurons. Less