Work physiology on the changes of work loads with the mechanization in agriculture and forestry.

在许多农业工作情况下，有害的身体姿势仍然很常见，然而，沉重的肌肉工作现在的意义较小。在较长的时间内，可能会导致身体姿势紊乱和脊柱损伤。为寻求减轻草莓采摘对下背部工作负担的措施，进行了体位、脊柱活动度和体格检查的时间调查。从人体工程学的角度来看，选择草莓的顺序时，直立的坐姿是最有问题的表现，而肌肉下腰痛在草莓种植者中抱怨得更频繁。另一方面，机械化的发展有助于消除林业中许多繁重的体力劳动。尽管如此，一些体力劳动仍然是必须的，例如用斧头砍树枝。有趣的是，在林业工作过程中，肌浆酶(ALD、CPK)和尿去甲肾上腺素(VMA-Noradrenaline)的值发生了显著的变化。

Detrimental body posture are still common on many agricultural work situations, however, heavy muscle work is now of smaller significance. Over longer periods, body posture disorder and spinal damage may be the result. To find some measures to alleviate the work load upon the lower back due to harvesting strawberries, survey of time study of body postures, mobility of spine and medical examination, were performed. Upright sitting posture during selecting the order of strawberries was the most problemable performance from the view of ergonomics and muscular lower back pain was complained much more frequently in the strawberry farmers. On the other hand, the development of mechanization has contributed to the elimination of much heavy physical work in forestry. Nevertheless, some physical work is still obligatory, for instance cutting branches using hatchets. It is interesting findings that the values of sarcoplasmic enzymes (ALD, CPK) and urine cathecolamine (VMA-Noradrenaline) changed significantly during the working periods in forestry work.