Photon momentum enabled reproducible and SI traceable small-force, -mass and laser power measurements

本文描述了基于普朗克常数的量子电测量的可重复和SI可追溯框架的光子动量设置的必要研究。该基础装置集成了两种最先进的测量原理，基布尔平衡（即普朗克平衡- PB2）和光子动量，使用来自超高反射镜的多反射激光束的特殊配置来实现力放大效果。除了作为一个研究平台，可以调查几个基本的计量（测量方法）问题，并将最先进的测量原理的标准提高到一个新的水平，它是基于传统的测量方法和普遍可用的成本效益材料，在单个组件水平上构建的，从而获得实际效益，例如，作为一个标准的计量设置高度要求的全球计量机构。一种用于高精度、高精度小质量、小力和高能激光光功率测量及仪器校准等的工业系统。在量子和经典力学测量领域的操作（测量）范围值得关注，只有使用宏观量子电现象，如约瑟夫森效应和量子霍尔效应，才能在可接受的相对测量不确定度下获得尽可能小的可重复和SI可追溯的测量量。因此，通过这个DFG项目，为建立科学技术基础和实现量子力学与经典力学之间的联系做出了重要贡献。从光功率和力值的角度来看，可以说，该范围的功率范围为几μ W至约1w，力范围为10 μ N （mg）至10 pN （ng）。因此，提出的工作解决了尚未实际实现的小力（范围：10 μ N至10 nN），质量（1 mg至1 μ g）和光功率（mW至100 W）测量的前沿，使用全新的最先进的方法，以可重复和SI可追溯的方式进行测量。因此，当前提案的主要研究和开发工作是针对即将到来的完整测量不确定度估计。目标是确定100 nN以下光子动量产生力的相对测量不确定度，并获得10 μ N - <0.001 (<0.1%)， 1 μ N - 1%的估计不确定度。

In this proposal, the necessary research on the photon momentum setup with reproducible and SI traceable framework of quantum electrical-based measurements via Planck’s constant is described. The basis is a setup that integrates two State-of-the-Art measurement principles together, Kibble balance (i.e. Planck Balance – PB2) and photon momentum, using a special co nfiguration of the multi-reflected laser beam from ultra-high reflective mirrors for achieving a force amplification effect. Besides serving as a research platform that enables to investigate several fundamental metrological (measurement methodology) questions and raising the bar of State-of-the-Art measurement principles to the next level, it is constructed on individual component level based on conventional measurement methods and commonly available cost-effective materials allowing to obtain practical benefits, e.g. as a standard metrology setup highly demanded by metrology institutes globally, an industrial system for improved high precision and high accuracy small mass, small force and high energy laser optical power measurements and instrumentation calibrations, etc. Much attention deserves the operational (measurement) range that separates the quantum and classical mechanical measurement domains where only the use of macroscopic quantum electrical phenomena like the Josephson effect, and Quantum Hall effect allows to obtain the smallest possible reproducible and SI traceable measurement quantities with acceptable relative measurement uncertainties. Therefore, with this DFG project, an important contribution is being made for the creation of the scientific-technical foundations and implementation of the link between quantum and classical mechanics. Translated in terms of optical power and force values, arguably, this range stands at the several µW up to about 1 W level for power and 10 µN (mg) down to 10 pN (ng) for forces. Hence, the proposed work addresses not yet practically realized frontiers of small force (range: 10 µN to 10 nN), mass (1 mg to 1 µg), and optical power (mW to 100 W) measurements using fundamentally new State-of-the-Art methodology in a reproducible and SI traceable manner. And thus, the main research and development effort of the current proposal is aiming toward forthcoming complete measurement uncertainty estimations. The goal is to identify the relative measurement uncertainty of photon momentum generated forces below 100 nN and achieve estimated uncertainty for 10 µN – <0.001 (<0.1%), 1 µN – 1%.