A study of the effect of perceptual traiing on a tennis net-player's anticipation

本研究的目的是探讨网球网球手的心理训练对其期望的影响。进行了两个实验。研究结果如下：1.知觉训练对对方传球者回击预期的影响(实验一)。在训练前的预期测验中，初学者(一年)在-6(连续放映到碰撞前6帧)、-4、-2和0(冲击)的平均正确答对率分别为50%、58%、66%和68%。在每个系列赛中，初学者的得分都明显低于高级选手，后者的得分在68%-95%之间。先行者和初学者都注意球拍和球，前者注意传球者的肩膀，而后者注意传球者的脚。这一差异是显著的。然后，初学者被分成两组。其中一组，KR组，观看了电影的其余部分，另一组，被指导组，给予指导，KR和co…在训练课上有更多的机会。在训练后的预期测验中，KR的平均答对率为60-79%，被指导者的平均答对率为70-87%。在-6和0的电影系列中，Instt的值明显大于KR。29知觉训练对对方传球手回击反应时的影响(实验2)。在反应时(RT)测试中，高级球员的平均反应时在+8(显示后撞击球)的电影系列上是264毫秒，在0(对IMPAT)的电影系列上是241毫秒。在培训前的RT测试中，中级(3年以上经验)和初学者(1-3年经验)的得分都显著高于高级水平。然而，在训练后的RT测试中，两组在给予指导、KR和训练课中的评论的RT显著缩短。中间体在+8和0上的平均反应时分别为161毫秒和149毫秒。在这两部电影系列中，他们都表现出了明显的萨姆勒价值，而不是先进的。初学者的平均反应时为218毫秒和188毫秒。初学者的得分低于中级球员，但高于中级球员。这些结果表明，利用胶片进行知觉训练可以有效地提高对对方传球回击的预期和反应时间。较少

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a pereptual training on a tennis net-player's anticipation. Two experiments were conducted. The results were as follows:1. The effect of perceptual trainin on the anticipation of the opposing passer's return (Experiment 1).In a pre-training anticipation test, the mean right answer rate of the beginners (one year experienced) was 50% on the film series of -6 (comtinue to show the film to the pre-impact 6th frame), 58% on the -4, 66% on the -2, and 68% on the 0 (to the impact). In each of the series, the beginners showed significantly smaller values than advanced players, whose values were 68-95%. Both the advanced and the beginners gave attention to a racket and a ball, the former to a passer's shoulder, but the latter to a passer's feet. This difference was significant. Then the beginners were divided into two groups. One, KR group, was shown the rest of the film, and the other, instructed group was given instruction, KR and co … More mment in the training session. In the post-training anticipation test, the mean right answer rate of the KR was 60-79% and that of the instructed was 70-87%. In the film series of -6 and 0, the insturcted showed significantly larger values than the KR. The change of eye-movement did not appear in the KR , but did in the instructed, who gave attention to a passer's shoulder rather than his feet in the post-training test.29 The effect of perceptual training on reaction time to the opposing passer's return (Experiment 2).In the reaction time (RT) test, the mean RT of advanced players was 264 msec on the film series of +8 (showing a post-impact ball), and 241 msec on the 0 (to the impat). In the pre-training RT test both intermediaries (above 3-year experienced) and beginners (1-3year experineced) showed significantly larger values than the advanced. However, in the post-training RT test, the RT of both groups, given instruction, KR, and comment in the training session, was signficantly shortened. The mean RT of the intermediaries was 161 msec on the +8 and 149 msec on the 0. In both film series, they showed signficantly samller values than the advanced. The mean RT of beginners was 218 msec and 188 msec. The beginners showed smaller values than the advanced, but larger values thanthe intermediaries.These results suggested that perceptual training with the film was effective on improvement in anticipation and reaction time to the opposing passer's return. Less