Total Research of Female Labour Market in Transition

该项目的目的是解释由于产业结构的变化以及《平等就业机会法》的颁布，日本女性劳动力市场的变化过程。通过对该项目的统计分析和实地调查研究，得出了以下结果。1.统计分析的结果表明，就业机会理论比额外收入理论更能合理地解释女工进入劳动力市场的动机。2.通过对女性劳动者行为的实地调查，我们发现的证据主要支持就业机会理论，但具体而言，婚姻、生育、家庭模式、学历和/或职业类型等因素对女性劳动者的行为也有影响。3.女职工劳动力供给行为存在本质的区域差异。就业机会的差异也是造成这种差异的主要原因。然而，根据我们对家庭经济的分析，生活成本的增加和僵化与女性劳动力的增加有关。因此，如何解释就业机会与家庭经济状况之间的关系仍然是一个重要的主题。最后，我们对这些公司的个人政策进行的实地调查研究表明，虽然他们一方面引入了跟踪个人管理制度，保留和/或再现了男女之间的歧视，但另一方面他们正在逐渐变得平等地对待女性员工和男性员工。企业政策的变化也会对女性在劳动力市场上的行为产生影响。

The aim of this project is to explain the changing process of the female labour market in Japan, which is in transition due to the change of the industrial structure as well as the enactment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law. The statiscal analysis and fact-finding study of this project shows the following results. 1.The result of statiscal analysis shows that the job opportunity theory explains more reasonably the entry motives of female wokers to labour market than the additional income theory do. 2.The evidences found by our fact-finding studies about the behaviors of female workers support mainly the job opportunity theory, though, in detail, the factors such as marriage, childbirth, pattern of family, academic background and/or occupatinal type have influence on the behaviors. 3.There are the substancial regional differences of labour supply behavior of female workers. The differences are also mainly explained by the job opportunities. However, 4.Depending on our analysis of the household economy, the increase and inflexibility of the living cost relates to the increase of female workforces. So it is still the important theme how to explain the relation between the job opportunities and the conditions of household economy. Lastly, our fact-finding study about the personal policies of the firms shows that, though on the one hand they introduce the tracking personal management system which can keep and/or reproduce the discrimination between mem and women, on the other hand they are gradually becoming to deal with the female employees evenly to the male employees. The changing policies of firms will also have influence on the behavior of female workers in labour market.