A chronobiological study of the pathogeneses and treatments of human circadian rhythm disorders using animal models

A.急性时区变化与三唑仑模型：观察三唑仑（5mg / p）对大鼠自由行走和饮水昼夜节律的移相作用。注射三唑仑的昼夜节律时间与相移之间没有一致的关系。大鼠的这一结果与Turek et al.（1986）报道的仓鼠不同。在12:12明暗周期的5个不同时间段内，大鼠ig注射5 mg三唑仑，使其提前6 h，测定昼夜节律恢复所需的天数。三唑仑注射时间对运动、饮水、体温、睡眠等生理节律的再娱乐天数的影响存在差异。这些结果表明，三唑仑的移相效果存在物种差异。季节性情感障碍（SAD）与强光暴露的模型：光周期被认为与SAD的发病机制有关。为了寻找SAD的动物模型，我们研究了环境光周期和光照对雄性大鼠运动活动和饮酒的昼夜节律的影响。在最低照度（5倍）的短日数（LD比= 0.5）中，顶相延迟最多，活动时间延长最多。我们研究了强光照射时间（1小时，2000倍）对行为昼夜节律初相的影响。在光照周期开始或结束时给予强光，顶生体发生轻微位移（小于1 h）。在光照期开始前3 h给予强光来模拟SAD的晨光暴露时间，顶相明显提前（5 h）。根据这些结果，我们推测SAD患者的昼夜节律在冬季会发生相位延迟，而晨光会通过相位提前延迟的昼夜节律来显示治疗效果。少

A. Model of acute time-zone change and triazolam: The phase-shifting effect of triazolam (5 mg i.p.) on free-running circadian rhythms of ambulation and drinking was examined in rats. No consistent relationship between the circadian times of triazolam injection and the phase shifts was found. This result for rats was different from that for hamsters reported by Turek et al. (1986). After 5 mg triazolam was i.p. injected to rats at 5 different times of the transition period for 6-h phase advance of a 12:12 light- dark cycle, the number of days needed for re-entrainment of circadian rhythms was determined. The effect of time of triazolam injection on the number of days for re-entrainment was different among circadian rhythms of ambulation, drinking, body temperature and sleep. These results suggest that there is a species difference in the phase-shifting effect of triazolam.B. Model of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and bright light exposure: Photoperiodism is supposed to be involved … More in the pathogenesis of SAD. In search of an animal model for SAD, we examined the effects of ambient photoperiods and illuminances on the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and drinking in male rats. On the short days (LD ratio = 0.5) with the lowest illuminance (5 1x), acrophase was most delayed and activity time was most prolonged in comparison to the long and equal days with higher illuminances. We examined the effect of the timing of a bright light exposure (1 h, 2000 1x) on the acrophase of behavioral circadian rhythm. When bright light was given at the beginning or at the end of the light period, acrophaie was slightly (less than 1 h) shifted. When bright light was given 3 h before the onset of the light period to simulate the timing of morning bright light exposure for SAD, acrophase was markedly (5 h) advanced. From these results, we analogized in SAD patients that circadian rhythm would be phase-delayed in winter, and morning bright light would show a therapeutic effect by phase-advancing the delayed circadian rhythm. Less