A Research of Cooperations among Small Municipal Board of Education

通过对小教育委员会之间合作的调查和对其历史背景的分析，我们得出了以下结论：(1)地方教育委员会超越城市边界的想法已经在战后关于地方教育行政单位的辩论中提出。：然而，这些想法没有得到体现，每个城市、城镇和村庄都设立了地方教育委员会，无论其规模大小。(2)启动了这些市政教育委员会之间的合作，以克服其规模较小造成的困难。然而，它们也不仅受到市政方面其他领域合作的需求的影响，也受到国家扩大整个市政系统的政策的影响。(3)在这种趋势下产生的综合教育委员会，现在已经有大约20年的历史，并产生了相当大的成果。此外，在特定领域的合作，如教师流动和在职培训，在每个领域都取得了类似的结果。(4)然而，在与县教育委员会的关系以及各市之间的相互关系方面，这些合作现在面临着许多问题。在前者，最严重的问题之一是与县议会各分支机构的关系，而在后者，则是合并后的教育委员会的权力划分问题，以及各市综合行政部门的权力划分问题。(5)因此，加强教务管理是当前的重要课题。

We derived the following conclusions from the surveys of cooperations among small boards of education and from the analyses of their historical backgrounds.(1) Ideas of the local boards of education beyond the municipal boundaries were already presented at the process of the postwar debates on the local educational administration units. : However, these ideas were not embodied, and the local boards of education were created at every city, town and village regardless of their sizes. (2) Cooperations among these municipal boards of education were initiated to overcome the difficulties caused by the smallness of their sizes. However, they were also influenced not only by the municipality-side demands of cooperations in other fields, but also by the nation-side policies of broadening the total municipal systems. (3) The consolidated boards of education, created under these trends, have now the history of about twenty years, and produce considerable results. Also, cooperations in the specific fields, such as teacher turnover and in-servise training, do the similar results in each area. (4) However, these cooperations are now confronted by many problems in the relationships to the prefectural boards of education as well as in the inter-relationships among each municipality. In the former, one of the most serious is the relations to the subbranches of the prefectural board, and, in the latter, the problem of division of the powers of the consolidated educational boards and those of the departmant of general administration of each municipality. (5) Therefore, the rearrengement of educational administrative affairs is a crucial subject of today.