Morphological imaging and functional analysis in change of bone

骨结构主要由骨膜、骨皮质和髓内腔组成。形成髓内腔的松质骨在x线片上表现为线状或网状骨小梁。骨组织是一种经过反复吸收和形成的代谢组织。特别是，松质骨的矿物质含量随骨代谢的变化而波动。一般认为，当骨脱矿或高矿化超过30%至40%时，可以通过常规x线摄影检测到骨质丢失和钙化异常。全景断层扫描是一种相对标准化的方法，因为操作简单，可以对整个下颌骨进行评估。传统的全景断层扫描由于图像模糊，不适合对下颌骨小梁的形态进行视觉分析。这个问题通过使用激光扫描系统克服了，该系统可以非常清晰地可视化小梁，并允许对产生的图像上的图案进行相对准确的分类。此外，我们能够定量和定性地评估与数字化成像板上骨小梁信息相关的x射线分布。

The bone structure consists basically of the periostium, bone cortex and intramedullary cavity. The cancellous bone forming the intramedullary cavity is visualized as a linear or reticular pattern of bone trabeculae on the radiographic images. The bone tissue is a metabolic one that undergoes repeated resorption and formation. In paticular, the mineral content of the cancellous bone fluctuates in close response to changes in bone metabolism. Generally it has been said that bone loss and calcification of abnomalities can be detected by conventional radiography when the bone demineralization or hypermineralization is more than 30 to 40 percent.Panoramic tomography, a procedure which is relatively standardized, was employed because it is simple to manipulate and allows evaluation of the entire mandible. Because of the blurred images specific to tomographs, conventional panoramic tomographs are not suitable for the visual analysis of patterns of the mandibular bone trabeculae. This problem was overcome by using a laser scan sytem, which visualized the trabecule quite clearly and allowed relatively accurate classification of the patterns on the image produced. In addition, we were able to evaluate quantitaitvely and qualitatively the distribution of X-ray in relation to information on the bone trabeculae on the digitalized imaging plate a physical procedure.