Landslide mobility with erosion: Proof-of-concept and application - Part II: Experimental Verification

侵蚀可以通过大规模放大滑坡的体积、流动性和冲击力来显著增加滑坡的破坏力。侵蚀性滑坡造成的威胁与其流动性直接相关。然而，迄今为止，还没有明确的力学条件，何时，如何以及有多少能量的滑坡获得或损失的侵蚀。最近，我们开创了一种用于控制增强或减少流动性的侵蚀性滑坡能量预算的力学模型（Pudasaini & Krautblatter，2021）。通过一个全新的理解，我们证明了增加的惯性与加速速度有关。这一结果揭示了侵蚀性滑坡的真实惯性，为正确判定滑坡的活动性提供了突破性的依据。结果表明，侵蚀速度对能量收支起着重要的调节作用，决定了滑坡活动性的增强或减弱。这取决于新开发的能量发生器，它提供了有史以来第一次侵蚀能量的机械量化和流动性的精确描述。这解决了长期存在的问题，为什么许多侵蚀性山体滑坡产生较高的流动性，而其他减少流动性。我们证明了侵蚀和卷吸是根本不同的过程。当滑坡的侵蚀速度大于侵蚀速度时，滑坡会获得能量并增强其流动性。能量-速度描绘了三个过剩能量区域：正、负和零。我们严格证明了现有的，非常有影响力的侵蚀质量流模型在物理和数学上都是错误的（Pudasaini & Krautblatter，2021）。我们提出了一组动力学方程，正确地包括侵蚀引起的净动量生产。然而，这些开创性的理论原则必须与实验室实验进行验证，以获得进一步的信心，并与现场事件进行验证，并可能用于预测目的。在这里，我们的目标是实现概念验证，以实现Pudasaini和Krautblatter（2021）关于滑坡流动性与侵蚀机制的新物理原理。我们开拓创新的实验设施，并研究新的方法，以探索，验证和展示新的概念来模拟侵蚀性滑坡事件的实用性。这提供了有史以来第一个完整的和科学合理的描述复杂的夹带现象及其对多相侵蚀滑坡的流动性的影响，为滑坡从业者预测和减轻自然灾害提供了一个非常有用和独特的工具。

Erosion can act to significantly increase the destructive power of landslides by massively amplifying their volume, mobility, and impact force. The threat posed by an erosive-landslide is directly linked to its mobility. However, no clear-cut mechanical condition has been presented so-far for when, how, and how much energy landslides gain or lose by erosion. Recently, we pioneered a mechanical model for the energy-budget of erosive-landslides that controls the enhanced or reduced mobility (Pudasaini & Krautblatter, 2021). With a fundamentally new understanding, we proved that the increased inertia is related to an entrainment-velocity. This ascertains the true inertia of erosive landslides, making a breakthrough in correctly determining landslide mobility. Outstandingly, we showed that the erosion-velocity regulates the energy-budget and decides whether the landslide mobility will be enhanced or reduced. This depends on the newly developed energy-generator, which provides the first-ever mechanical quantification of erosional energy and a precise description of mobility. This addresses the long-standing question of why many erosive landslides generate higher mobility, while others reduce mobility. We demonstrated that erosion and entrainment are fundamentally different processes. Landslides gain energy and enhance mobility if the erosion-velocity is greater than the entrainment-velocity. The energy-velocity delineates three excess energy- regimes: positive, negative, and zero. We rigorously proved that the existing, very influential mass flow models with erosion are physically and mathematically wrong (Pudasaini & Krautblatter, 2021). We presented a set of dynamical equations that correctly includes erosion-induced net momentum production. However, these seminal theoretical principles must be verified with laboratory experiments to gain further confidence, and be validated with field events, and potentially be used for predictive purposes. Here, we aim to achieve the proof-of-concept to realize the new physical principles presented in Pudasaini & Krautblatter (2021) on the mechanics of landslide mobility with erosion. We pioneer inventive experimental facilities and examine novel approaches in order to explore, verify, and demonstrate the practical usefulness of novel concepts to simulate erosive landslide events. This offers a first-ever complete and scientifically sound description of the complex entrainment phenomena and their impact on mobility of multi-phase erosive landslides, serving a very useful and unique tool for landslide practitioners in predicting and mitigating natural hazards.