Cross-Cultural Studies of Green Spaces, especially of Gardens in Japan and Korea.

我们考察了韩国的传统园林，特别是普约、庆州和苏州的皇宫园林。这些园林的建筑与园林的关系以及池塘和溪流周围的景观构成都与日本传统园林不同。池塘和溪流的岸边，以及种植床的边缘，在建筑上都是由长方形的石头构成的。相反，建筑物以外的区域则保持自然状态。然后，韩国园林严格地将人工区域和自然区域分开，这一特点不同于日本园林，人工区域逐渐向自然区域转变，园艺和维护的目标是自然特征。然后，我们考察了乡村聚落的空间方面，这是园林文化的基础和背景。调查区域是大邱、普约、哈顿和河南周边地区的几个传统聚落。韩国乡村聚落的位置基本上取决于地貌，而不是像日本乡村聚落那样的方面。单独的宅基地被石头和粘土栅栏围住，树篱很少。因此，韩国宅基地的围栏比日本的要近。这些栅栏经常与地形形成曲线，因此宅基地的平面图通常是不规则形状的。相反，建筑的形式，以及建筑和植物的排列基本上是对称的。因此，人工区域和自然区域在宅基地中明显分开，就像上面提到的传统花园一样。

We investigated the traditional gardens of Korea, especially the royal palace gardens in Puyo, Kyonju, and Soeul. The relationships between buildings and gardens,and the landscape composition around pond and stream in these gardens differ from those of Japanese traditional gardens. The shores of pond and stream, and the border of planting bed are architecturally formed by rectangular stones. On the contrary, the areas apart from buildings are kept in natural condition. Then, the artificial and the natural areas are strictly seperated in Korean gardens, and this characteristics differs from Japanese gardens, in which the artificial area gradually changes to the natural area, and a goal of gardening and the maintenance is a natural feature. Then, we investigated the spatial aspects of rural settlements, which are the basement and the background of a garden culture. Investigated areas are several traditional settlements in the surrounding areas of Taegu, Puyo, Hadon, and Henan. The location of rural settlements of Korea basically depends on the landform, and not on the aspects like the Japanese rural settlements. Individual homestead are enclosed by a stone and clay fence, and hedges are quite few. Therefore, the enclosures of Korean homestead are closer than Japanese. These fences frequently curve with a landform, and as a result the plan of homestead is usually irregularly-shaped. On the contrary, the building forms, and the arrangement of buildings and plantings fundamentally symmetrical. So, the artificial and natural areas are distinctively seperated in the homesteads like in the traditional gardens,mentioned above.