Structure and Development of the Integrating Powers in Europe

我们关注“欧洲特有”的社会结构，试图把握近代以前综合力量的结构和发展。本研究主要从“地方集团与整合权力”、“教会在整合权力中的地位”、“整合权力与官僚机构”三个方面展开。我们的《研究成果报告》由未出版的专著组成。包括以下新意见。首先，佐藤郁夫明确指出，12世纪是中世纪英国国家与教会关系的伟大转折点。在第一个领域中，三浦浩一强调了在查尔斯大帝吞并其他部落的过程中引入Grafschaftsverfassung的意义。斋藤康史表明，山谷领导人的利益在1291年永久联盟的形成中起到了决定性的作用。柳泽伸一描述了改革时期帝国与瑞士城市联盟中德意志帝国统治结构的特点。斋藤广美描绘了16世纪威尼斯食品政策中意大利特有的政府结构的特点。在第二个区域，渡边春夫将德意志王国的形成描述为从君主亲属关系到王朝的结构变化，广崎骏强调，英国的统治原则不是来自一体化部落国家的霸权，而是来自教会。最后，在第三个区域，小野洋彦发现王子的官方管理和地方办公室的私人律师的私人管理重叠，新浦秀夫指出，专制主义军事体制中的君主内部和内外权力持有者之间的二元论是欧洲特有的特征。

Giving attention to the "specifically European" social structure, we have tried to grasp the structure and development of the integrating powers before the modern ages. Our research was composed of the three areas: "local groups and integrating powers", "the position of church in the integrating powers ", and "the integrating powers and bureaucracy". Our "REPORT OF RESEARCH RESULTS" consists of unpublished monographs. The following new opinions are included. First, Ikuo Sato makes clear that the twelfth century was a great turning point in relations between state and church in medieval England. In the first area, Hirokazu Miura stresses the significance of the introduction of the Grafschaftsverfassung in the process of annexation of the other tribes by Charles the Great. Yasushi Saito shows that the interests of leaders in the valleys played a decisive roll in the formation of the Perpetual Alliance of 1291. Shinichi Yanagisawa describes characteristics of the structure of rule of the German Empire in the alliances between the Imperial and the Swiss cities in the age of Reformation. Hiromi Saito delineates the characteristics of the specifically Italian structure of government in food policy in Venice in the sixteenth century.In the second area, Haruo Watanabe describes the formation of the German Kingdom as a structural change from kingly kinship to dynasty, and Hirokazu Tsurushima stresses that the ruling principle of the United Kingdom of England i.s derived not from the hegemony of the integrated tribal states, but from church.Lastly, in the third area, Yoshihiko Ono finds overlapping of fhe official administration of a prince and the private one of the learned lawyer in local offices as Sportelpfriinde, and Hideo Shimpo points out the dualism within a prince and the internal and external power holders in military system of absolutism (berufliches stehendes Heer and AusschuBtruppen) as one specifically European characteristic.