Improvement of the techniques of manufacturing and processing of materials by high-level control of heat transfer

(1)研究了微重力条件下晶体生长中重要的Marangoni对流的基本流动和换热特性。给出了不稳定开始的判据和磁场对对流流动的抑制作用。(2)对Al-Cu合金进行了定向凝固实验。在控制界面不稳定的不同参数下，研究了金属组织与凝固过程的关系。获得了关于结构控制方法的基本知识。(3)利用电子束加热技术研究了气相沉积薄膜形成的分子物理化学机理和热流体动力学控制方法。对各种元素进行了汽化处理，揭示了成膜速率与气团状态和热流动力学条件的关系。(4)小固体S…周围的膜沸腾机理针对蒸汽爆炸快速凝固技术在材料制造中的应用，研究了更多的表面。阐明了沸腾机理的一些特点及其在制造工艺中的可行性。(5)从理论和实验两方面研究了磁场对立方容器内液态金属自然对流的影响。结果表明，垂直于垂直受热面的水平磁场比不同取向的磁场有效得多。(6)改进了阳极的几何形状，使其能够得到有效的冷却，提高了等离子体射流的稳定性。阐明了熔体颗粒的温度历程，考察了等离子体加工热电元件的性能特性。(7)为了获得高质量的聚合物塑料制品，利用光学可视化技术研究了聚合物成型过程中残余双折射的产生机理。明确了产品中的应变与冷却条件的关系。(8)计算了纤维增强金属(FRM)的有效导热系数，并讨论了其影响因素。讨论了适用于FRM和纤维材料的热物性测试方法。较少

The results for each of the sub-themes are as follows: (1) Fundamental flow and heat-transfer characteristics of the Marangoni convection, which is important in crystal growth under microgravity conditions, are studied. The criteria for onset of instability and the effect of magnetic field to damp the convective flow are-obtained. (2) Experiment is performed on directional solidification of A1-Cu alloys. Dependence of the metal structure on soliditication process is studied under different parameters controlling interfacial instability. Fundamental knowledge on the way of controlling the structure is obtained. (3) Molecular physicochemical mechanism of thin film formation by vapor deposition and the method of thermo-fluid-dynamic control are investigated using electron-beam heating. Various elements are vaporized and the dependence of the film growth rate on the state of gas-cluster and the thermo-fluid dynamic conditions are revealed. (4) Mechanism of film boiling around small solid s … More urfaces is investigated aiming at application to manufacturing of materials by rapid solidification utilizing vapor explosion. Some special features of the boiling mechanism and its feasibility to manufacturing process are made clear. (5) Effect of magnetic field on natural convection of liquid metal in a cubic container is studied theoretically and experimentally. It is found that a horizontal magnetic field perpendicular to vertical heating surfaces is much more effective than the magnetic field with different orientation. (6) Geometry of the anode is improved so that it may be cooled efficiently and the stability of plasma jet may be improved. Temperature history of the melt particle is clarified, and the performance characteristics are examined of the thermoelectric element manufactured by plasma processing. (7) Mechanism of generation of residual birefringence in the molded polymer is examined using optical visualization in order to obtain polymer plastic products of high quality. Relationship between the strain in the product and the cooling conditions is made clear. (8) Effective thermal conductivities of fiber-reinforced metals (FRM) are evaluated and the influencing factors are discussed. Methods of measurement of thermophysical properties suitable to FRM and fiber materials are discussed. Less