Evolution of primate and origin of man.

Nozawa教授对日本猕猴的种群结构进行了详细的研究，使用了51个部队的3409个个体的血液样本和血液蛋白变异作为遗传标记。其结果与其他猕猴和哺乳动物的结果进行了比较。在日本猕猴中检测到的遗传变异并不是均匀分布在整个物种中，而是在一些有限的区域内发生。日本猕猴的遗传变异与一些生活在狭窄封闭环境中的动物物种（如洞穴鱼类等）大致相同。他的结论是，这些现象主要源于遗传漂变。竹中教授通过psi - β珠蛋白基因DNA分析了属于人科的长臂猿的物种形成。Homo和Hylobates之间的分化时间估计为1900万到2300万年，而Hylobates亚属和Synphalangus之间的分化时间估计分别为1900万到2300万年和700万到900万年。Honio教授分析了黑猩猩、大猩猩和猩猩的epsilon加工伪基因的DNA序列，从而构建了高等灵长类动物的进化系统树。假设人类与猩猩的分化时间为1400万年，黑猩猩与人类、大猩猩与人类的分化时间分别为4.9<±0.9 0.9万年、5.9<±0.9 0.9万年。松永教授通过mtdna分析，在日本人群中发现了两种不同的遗传群体。他正在讨论这些群体中one频率的某些变化与日语起源之间的关系。Hanihara教授通过牙齿的形态特征分析了人类种群的融合和分化。他发现牙齿的形态特征足以适用于人类小进化的研究。威穆拉博士从力学的角度分析了两足动物和四足动物的长骨结构。他认为，在相同体重的情况下，灵长类动物的骨骼比四足动物的骨骼更强壮、更大，而人类的股骨则比非人灵长类动物的股骨更大、更强

Prof. Nozawa studied in detail the Population structure of Japanese macaque, using the blood samples of 3409 individuals comprising in 51 troops and blood protein variations as genetic markers. Its result was compared with those of other macaques and mammals. The genetic variations detected in Japanese macaque are not distributed uniformly in the whole species but occur in some limited areas. Genetic variability in the Japanese macaques is about the same as in some animal species inhabiting narrow, closed environment such as cave fishes etc.. He concluded that these phenomena were mainly derived from genetic drift. Prof. Takenaka analyzed the speciation of gibons which are belonged to Hominoidea by the DNA of psi beta globin gene. The divergence time between Homo and Hylobates is estimated 19 millions to 23 millions years and that between sub enera Hylobates and Synphalangus are estimated 19 millions to 23 millions and 7 millions to 9 millions years, respectively. Prof. Honio analyzed … More the DNA sequence of epsilon processed pseudo gene of chimpanzee, gollia and orang-utan in order to make the evolutionary phylogenetic tree of higher primates. The divergence time chimpanzee and human being and that between gollia and human being are estimated 4.9<plus-minus>0.9 millions and 5.9<plus-minus>0.9 millions years, respectively, assuming that between human being and orangutan is 14 millions years. Prof. Matsunaga found the two different genetical groups in Japanese population by mtDNAs analysis. He is discussing on the relationship between the some cline of the frequency of one in these groups and the origin of Japanese. Prof. Hanihara analyzed the fusion and divergence of human populations by the morphological charder of teeth. He found that the morphological character of teeth is sufficiently applicable to the study of small evolution of human being. Dr. Wimura analyzed the structure of long bones of biped and fourped animals from a point of view of mechanics. He suggested that the primates have stronger and larger bones than those of fourped animalslin comparing with same body weight and that the femur of human being tend to be larger and stronger than those of nonhuman prima Less