Fundamental Studies on Serotyping and Genetic Recombination of Rotaviruses Isolated from Human and Animals.

轮状病毒(RV)已被认为是引起人和动物急性腹泻的主要病原体。从外衣壳蛋白和内衣壳蛋白中可将RV分为5个群、2个亚群和9个血清型。目前已从人和动物中分离到3型或4型轮状病毒，这一事实对人和动物基因重组疫苗的研究具有重要意义。本研究涉及轮状病毒在人和动物体内的分布以及分离株的遗传结构。(1)血清型：从轻马场发生的马驹腹泻粪便标本中分离到3型轮状病毒。这是首例3型马驹腹泻病例。日本、泰国和孟加拉国腹泻粪便中人轮状病毒血清型的分布以1型和2型为主，但其结果显示出地方和年份的相对频率。(2)致病性：接种猪轮状病毒后，2日龄仔猪出现腹泻，而非24日龄仔猪出现严重的肠道病变。连续给药蛋黄或牛初乳免疫球蛋白可预防轮状病毒病猫模型中的腹泻或现场病例中的小牛腹泻。(3)RV-RNA：鸽RV VP6与英国分离的火鸡RV具有相同的抗原性。从人类粪便中分离到两株独特的轮状病毒，一株属于亚群I，但具有亚群II典型的“长”RNA模式，另一株与强毒VP7有98%以上的同源性，与RV有90%的VP4同源性。

Rotavirus (RV) has been recognized as a major causal agent of acute diarrhea in the youngs of human and animals. From the outer and inner capsid proteins, RV was identified as 5 groups, 2 subgroups, and 9 serotypes. The serotype 3 or 4 RV has been isolated from human and animals, and this fact is most important for the consideration of genetic recombinat vaccine for human and animals. The present study is concerned with distribution of RV in human and animals and the genetic structures of isolates. (1) Serotypes: The serotype 3 RV was isolated from fecal samples of foal diarrhea occurred in light horse farm. This is the first case of foal diarrhea due to serotype 3. The distribution of serotypes of human RV in diarrhea stools from Japan, Thailand and Bangladesh were predominant over serotypes 1 and 2. But its results showed relative frequency in locals and years. (2) Pathogenicity: Severe changes in intestine of gnotobiotic piglets inoculated with porcine RV were observed with diarrhea on 2-day-olds rather than 24-day-olds. Continuous administration of egg yolk or bovine colostral immunoglobulins prevented form RV diarrhea in a cat model of the disease or calf diarrhea in field case. (3) RV-RNA: VP6 of pigeon RV has the same antigenicity as turkey RV isolated in England. Two unique RV strains were isolated from human stools; one is the RV strains which belong to subgroup I but have "long" RNA pattern typical of subgroup II, and the other RV strains which has over 98% VP7 homology to the virulent human RV, since it has 90% VP4 homology to the RV.