Biological Function of Lipid Sorting during Membrane Biogenesis

各研究者的研究结果总结如下。(1)小球藻生长过程中CO_2浓度对叶绿体脂质代谢的影响。(2)分离了脂肪酸6和12去饱和缺陷的集胞藻PCC 6803突变体，并分离了编码12去饱和酶的基因（Murata）。(3)从酿酒酵母（Sacchromyces cerevisiae）的液泡膜中分离出编码H^+-ATP酶催化亚基a的结构基因，并测定了该基因的核苷酸序列（Anraku）。(4)一个18 kDa的蛋白质，这是确定在过氧化物酶体，表现出非特异性脂质转运蛋白（Kamiryo）的活性。(5)分离并表征了两种改变磷脂酰丝氨酸生物合成调节和磷脂酰丝氨酸生物合成缺陷的中国仓鼠卵巢细胞突变体（Akamatsu）。(6)分析了酿酒酵母中磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰肌醇脱氢酶的亚细胞分布（涩谷）。(7)对编码甲基转移酶的PEM 1和PEM 2基因进行了鉴定。确定调节这些基因表达的区域的核苷酸序列（Yamashita）。(8)研究了癌基因转染后糖脂的细胞表达。在大鼠3 Y1细胞（永井）中观察到神经节苷脂的癌基因型特异性变化。(9)从豚鼠哈氏腺中分离脂肪酸合成酶和酰基-CoA合成酶，并研究这些酶的性质（Seyama）。(10)利用B型肝炎病毒表面抗原颗粒，膜脂的组装机制（井上）。(11)几种组织含有其特异性脂肪酸结合蛋白，并对这些组织特异性脂肪酸蛋白进行了表征（Ono）。(12)测定了来自发芽蓖麻子的四种非特异性脂质转移蛋白的氨基酸序列，并且这些蛋白质是器官特异性表达的（山田）。

Research results of each investigators are summarized as follows. (1) CO_2 concentration during growth of Chlorella vulgaris llh affected the lipid metaboftsm in chloroplasts (Kawaguchi). (2) Synechocystis PCC6803 mutants, which were defective in 6 and 12 desaturation of fatty acids, were isolated and the gene, which encodes the 12 desaturase, was isolated (Murata). (3) The structure gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit a of H^+-ATPase from vacuoler membranes of Sacchromyces cerevisiae, was isolated and the nucleotide sequence of this gene was determined (Anraku). (4) A 18-kDa protein, which was identified in peroxisomes, showed the activity of nonspecific lipid-tranfer protein (Kamiryo). (5) Two Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants altered the regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis and defective in phosphatidylserine- biosynthesis were isolated and characterized (Akamatsu). (6) Subcellular distributions of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol synthases in Sacchromyces cerevisiae were analyzed (Shibuya). (7) PEM1 and PEM2 genes, which encode the methyliransferases, were characterized. The nucleotide sequences of the region which regulate the expression of these genes were determined (Yamashita). (8) Cellular expression of glycolipids after oncogene transfection was studied. Oncogene-type specific changes of gangliosides were observed in rat 3Yl cells (Nagai). (9) Fatty acid synthase and acyl-CoA synthetase were isolated from the guinear pig Harderian gland and properties of these enzymes were studied (Seyama). (10) Using hepatitis B virus surface antigene particle, the mechanism of assembly of membrane lipids (Inoue). (11) Several tissues contained their specific fatty acid binding proteins and these tissue-specific fatty acid proteins were characterized (Ono). (12) Amino acid sequences of four nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins from germinating castor bean were determined and these proteins were organ-specifically expressed (Yamada).