Formation and Ecology of Peatland in China

泥炭中的古环境信息和植被遗传资源随着泥炭地的开发而迅速流失，保护泥炭中的古环境信息和资源是全球视野下的一个重要问题。从这一角度出发，对吉林地区靖宇县三道湖泥炭地和洛河县哈尼泥炭地进行了野外调查，三道湖泥炭地和哈尼泥炭地位于中国东北地区长白山以东，它们是在大盆地上形成的，在三道湖泥炭地进行了长白落叶松（Larix olgensis）植被的研究。三道湖泥炭地中部泥炭层厚度为60 ~ 80 cm，表层泥炭层分解度为H-4，筛析分解度为70%左右，泥炭层分解度为H-4，筛析分解度泥炭比重为1.60 ~ 1.85，孔隙比在底层为8.7，表层为15 ~ 23，渗透系数为10 <-1>~ 10 <-3>cm/s。在Sarobetu和Kusiro泥炭地，研究了地下水位的变化以及泥炭形成植物与泥炭物理性质的关系。并对中国泥炭和北海道泥炭的性质进行了比较。

Informations of ancient environment in peat and heredity resources of vegetation are lost rapidly with development of the peatland.Conservations of the information and the resource are an important matter for the global vision.From this point of view, the field surveying were carried out on peatland of Sandaohu,Jingyu and Hani,Louhe in Jilin district, China.Investigations at Sarobetu and Kusiro peatland in Hokkaido are also pursued for comparison.Sandaohu and Hani peatlands are located at east of Changbaishan in Dongbei district,China.These peatlands had been formed on large basin,valleys and hollows in mountains.Process of the formation seems to be provided by geographical and meteorological conditions.Vegetation research of Larix olgensis were executed in Sandaohu peatland. Those results suggests that the growth of and the seedling establishment of Larix olgensis was determined by soil conditions rather than by light penetration through the forest.The thickness of peat layer is 60 to 80 cm in central part of Sandaohu peatland.Degree of decomposition of surface peat layer is H-4 by von Post method,and about 70 % by sieve analysis, while at lower layer it is H-7 and 80 % by each method.Specific gravity of the peat is 1.60 to 1.85 .Void ratio is 8.7 at substratum and 15 to 23 at surface layer,while coefficient of permiability is 10^<-1> to 10^<-3> cm/s.The change of ground-water level at Sandaohu peatland is little as there was no rainfall in the obsevation perid. And there is no indicate of water level change by evapotranspiration.At Sarobetu and Kusiro peatlands,the change of groundwater level and the relation between peat forming plant andthe physical properties of peat were examined. And properties of peat of China and Hokkaido were pursued for comparsion.