Manufacturing of Three-Dimensional Skull Model using Numerical Control Robot and its Clinical Approach.

为了利用三维计算机断层扫描（CT）数据建立颅面畸形个体颅骨模型的三维制作系统，我们开发了一种新的铣削系统。在本研究中，为了最大限度地减少该技术的缺点，最近使用了一个较低工资的CN机器人来铣削模型。从CT切片中检测到的骨骼图像通过数字图像阅读器输入到内部计算机单元。在主计算机（NEC PC9801）上重建三维结构，并对铣削机器人（Roland CAMM3）进行骨轮廓线绘制。三轴高速钻头将塑料块磨成三维模型。在各种情况下对模型的精度进行了测试，模型与三维图像之间没有差异。利用该技术，使颅面外科手术的三维规划和模拟技术成为可能。三维模型在某些情况下有助于牙面畸形治疗的手术计划。当颞下颌关节疾病合并面部畸形时，可以在模型上确定关节的位置，并考虑咬合和颞下颌关节来规划骨骼运动。这项新技术的临床应用应该通过其应用来定义，包括几乎所有的正颌手术。

In order to establish a three-dimensional fabrication system for individual skull models of subjects with craniofacial deformities using three-dimensional Computed Tomography (CT) data, we developed a new milling system.In this study, to minimize the technique's disadvantages, a lower waged CN robot has recently been employed for milling the models.The skeletal images detected from CT slices were fed into the internal computer unit using digital image reader.Three-dimensional structure was reconstructed in main computer unit (NEC PC9801) and the contour of bone was line out to milling robot (Roland CAMM3). A three-axis, high-speed drill mills the plastic block into a three-dimensional model.The accuracy of models was tested in various cases, there is no differences existed between models and three-dimensional images.Using this technique, three dimensional planning and technique of simulation for craniofacial surgery become possible. The three-dimensional model is helpful in some situations in surgical planning for treatment of dentfacial deformities. When temporomandibular joint disorders are combined with facial deformity, the position of the joints can be determined on the model and the skeletal movements can be planned considering the occlusion and the temporomandibular joint. The clinical utility of this new technique should be defined by its applications including almost of orthognathic surgery.