Analysis of Effect of the Social Structure of the Local Community on the Local Issues Solving.

本研究的主要目的是探讨当地社区现代化与传统的关系。我们进行研究的地方社区是静冈县的下田市和长野县的须和市。现代化的过程可以说是普遍的，在西方和东方都以其独特的形式发生，例如在日本。现代资本主义发生在西欧，在那里，基督教一直是唯一合法的宗教。因此，正如马克斯·韦伯所指出的，资本主义精神与清教主义精神密切相关。在将现代化视为理性主义的过程中，它被认为是与在社会中以各种形式出现的传统主义相对立的。现代化本身最初是在西方实现的，因此西方人将现代化的普遍形式与其特定的西方形式混为一谈。此外，在日本，人们认为Univer…更多形式的现代化西方化。但必须指出的是，英国的现代化只是普遍现代化的一种形式，日本的现代化只是另一种形式，日本的社会学家倾向于将日本的现代化视为与西方相比的典型或扭曲的现代化。诚然，日本资本主义的发展并没有完全突破家庭、村落等传统的社区结构，而且日本人具有与西方截然不同的社区宗教现实。因此，在日本，资本主义的发展并没有鼓励个人主义和私有化，而是鼓励了集体主义和社会化。在发生现代化进程的皇帝体系中，我们可以观察到传统的同步创造。在本研究中，我考察了丝绸业的发展过程与社区大家庭制度的关系。之所以以苏瓦地区的制丝业为例，是因为日本本土的自发工业化只有在丝绸业领域才有可能。较少

Main aim of this study is to explore the relationship between modernization and tradition in the local communities. The local communities in which we carried out our researches were Shimoda City in Shizuoka Prefecture and Suwa City in Nagano Prefecture.The process of Modernization may be regarded as universal, took place in its particular form in the West as well as in the East, for instance in Japan. Modern Capitalism took place in Western Europe where Chirstianity has been the only legitimate religion. Thus the spirit of capitalism was closely related to the ethos of puritanism as Max Weber pointed out. In so far as modernization is regarded as the process of rationalism, it was thought to be opposed to the traditionalism which appeared in a variety of forms in the communities.Modernization itself was realized in the west at first, therefore people in the West confuse the universal form of modernization with its particular Western forms. Moreover in Japan people considered the univer … More sal form of modernization Westernization. However, it must be pointed out that modernization in England is only one form of universal modernization just as modernization in Japan is but another form.Social Scientists in Japan tend to regard Japanese modernization as a typical or distorted compared with the one of the West. It is true that the development of capitalism in Japan did not completely break through the traditional community structures such as household and village.Furthermore Japanese have a communal religious reality which is quite different from the West. Therefore in Japan development of capitalism did not encourage individualism and privatization but encouraged collectivism and socialization. In the emperor system, where modernization process took place, we can observe the simultaneous creation of tradition.In this study I examined the developmental process of the silk industry in relation to the extended family system in the community. The reason the silk-reeling industries in Suwa area have been taken as an example is that indigenous and spontaneous industrialization in Japan was only possible in the field of silk industry. Less