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Modernization of Japanese Society and Religious Ethics.

日本社会的现代化与宗教伦理。

基本信息

批准号：
07301021
负责人：
KAWAMURA Nozomu
金额：
$ 3.46万
依托单位：
Tokyo Woman's Christian University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Since Max Weber demonstrated in his The Protestantism Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism that modern rational capitalism had been only passible together with the Protestant ethic, most scholars of modern Japanese studies believe that modernization of Japanese Society is nothing but Westernization. Culture and religion which are indigenous to Japanese Socity are irrelevent to modernization or rationalizationOn the other hand, on American sociologist on religion, Robert Bellah pointed out in his Tokugawa Religion (1957) that Jodo Shinshu is the closest Japanese analogue to Western Protestantism and its ethic is most similar to the Protestant ethic. According to him, Japanese modernization did not originote in the late nineteenth century Meiji era but began at least as early as the eighteenth century Edo era. But this view has been neglected as extreme of absurdity by Japanese.Social scientist like Masao Maruyama.Bellah said that Japanese religious ethic of Buddhism, Confucianism and Shinto functioned to exalt loyalty to the group. Thus achievement of collective goal was realized, Development of capitalism was only possible by such collective spirit. Bellah's book was published before a miracle of high economic growth happened. The events of the last forty years would seem to prove Bellah right.However, Bellah pointed out on the other hand that Japanese society would seem to be especially in hospitable to ethical universalism. According to him, the "competitive groupism" constimulate self-sacrifice and devotion, but the end of such ethical action seldom transcend the interests of one's group. So, he asked whether the results of rapideconomic growth, which the Japanese tradition and its modern permutations have so assidnously fostered, have not begun to under mind the very conditions that made that growth possible. This study is anasirer to that question.

自从马克斯·韦伯在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》一书中论证了现代理性资本主义只有在新教伦理的共同作用下才可能实现以来，近代日本研究学者大多认为日本社会的现代化就是西化。111日本本土的文化和宗教与现代化或理性化无关。另一方面，美国宗教社会学家罗伯特·贝拉在《德川宗教》（1957）中指出，日本的净土宗是与西方新教最接近的类似物，其伦理与新教伦理最相似。他认为，日本的现代化并非起源于19世纪末的明治时代，而是至少早在18世纪的江户时代就开始了。但这一观点被日本人视为极端荒谬而忽视，丸山正夫、贝拉等社会学家认为，日本的佛教、儒教和神道的宗教伦理起到了提升对群体忠诚的作用。资本主义的发展也只有在这种集体精神的推动下才有可能。贝拉的书是在经济高速增长的奇迹发生之前出版的。过去40年的事件似乎证明贝拉是正确的，但贝拉指出，另一方面，日本社会似乎特别不欢迎伦理普遍主义。他认为，“竞争性群体主义”鼓励自我牺牲和奉献，但这种道德行为的目的很少超越一个人的群体利益。因此，他问道，日本的传统及其现代变化如此勤奋地培育的快速经济增长的结果，是否还没有开始考虑使这种增长成为可能的条件。这项研究对这个问题更有意义。