A Study of John Milton from the Perspective of History of Ideas

1)弥尔顿论幸福的愿景——在但丁的《神曲》中，幸福的愿景被放在诗的末尾，因为它是整首诗最重要的基石。但是弥尔顿从另一个角度出发。天使和亚当面对面见到上帝的场景被放在《失乐园》的开篇，也就是在他们堕落之前。正是因为弥尔顿很少提及这种短暂的经历，他才如此简短地提到它。但丁和弥尔顿之间的差异被认为是理智主义和唯意志主义之间的差异，应该追溯到欧洲思想史上最基本的深度。2)关于教义问答……通过对中世纪天主教教理问答和现代新教教理问答的比较，可以很清楚地看出知性论和唯意志论的区别。3)白斋新井的《精代纪文》（i, e，我所听到的关于西方世界的事）：自然神学的可能性——人能用理性认识上帝吗？我在我国第一部关于西方的经典著作中寻找这个问题的答案。作者是18世纪日本的一位百科全书学者。他的回答与伯特兰·罗素的惊人相似。

1) Milton on the Beatific Vision --- In Dante's Divine Comedy, the beatific vision is placed at the close of the poem, because it is the most important cornerstone on which the whole structure of the poem rests. But Milton starts from another point of view. The scenes in which Angels and Adam see God face to face are placed in the beginning books of Paradise Lost, that is, before their Fall. It is because Milton makes little of such an ephemeral experience that he mentions it so briefly. This difference between Dante and Milton is thought of as the difference between intellectualism and voluntarism, and should be traced into the most fundamental depth of the European history of ideas.2) On Catechism... By comparing the medieval Catholic catechism with the modern Protestant ones, the difference between intellectualism and voluntarism is most clearly discerned.3) Arai Hakuseki's Seiyo Kibun (i, e, What I heard about the Western World) : the Possibility of Natural Theology --- Can a man know God with his reason ? I sought an answer to this guestion in the first classical work written about the West in our country. The author was an encyclopedic scholar in 18th century Japan. His answer is surprisingly similar to that of Bertrand Russell.