Research on Travel Image in the 18th-19th Russian Literature

对于旅游意象的研究，既要从共时的角度，也要从历时的角度。任何一个时期的旅游意象都只有通过其拓扑语义才能被理解，而拓扑语义是传统制度和特定时代新趋势的复杂性。以下是俄罗斯旅行拓扑学的常规和基本元素的列表：1.俄罗斯从东欧到西伯利亚广阔平坦的地形所造成的独特的空间形象或空间感。2.与欧洲国家的文化关系很少给予，大多数是接受。3.在俄罗斯的朝圣以及超越边界根据东正教传统。4.贵族的文明生活与农奴和农民的传统乡村生活的双重文化形态。5.逃避专制暴政。6.被流放到西伯利亚的惩罚。N.M.Karamzin的《俄罗斯旅行者的来信》中的主人公为访问欧洲国家的俄罗斯人提供了一个模范形象。拉季谢夫的《从彼得堡到莫斯科的旅行》中的旅行者形象为知识分子群体与农民和农奴的交往提供了一个很好的范例。在旅行形象方面，俄罗斯文学也受到了欧洲潮流的影响，但同时也形成了自己鲜明的特色。在多索耶夫斯基的《一个原始的青年》中，我们可以发现两种典型的俄罗斯旅行者形象，一个信仰上帝的前农奴朝圣者和一个没有信仰的高贵流浪者。

Concerning travel images it is indispensable to study diachronially as well as synchronically. Travel images of any period are comprehensible only with their topological semantics which is a complexity of conventional institutions and new tendencies of that given time. The following is the list of the conventional and essential elements of Russian travel topology:1. The unique space image or space sense caused by the vast and mostly flat terrain of Russia from Eastern Europe to Siberia. 2. The rarely giving and mostly accepting cultural relationship with European countries. 3. The pilgrimage in Russia as well as beyond the boundaries according to the orthodox tradition. 4. The double cultural formation of the civilized life of noblemen and the conventional village life of serfs and peasants. 5. The escapism from despotic oppressions. 6. Exile punishments to Siberia.The hero of N.M.Karamzin's Letters from Russian Traveler afforded a model image to Russians visiting European countries. The traveler of A.N.Radishchev's The Journey from Petersberg to Moscow gave a good example to intelligentsia groups for their contacting themselves with peasants and serfs.As for travel images Russian literature was also under the influence of European trends, but at the same time it developed its own distinctive features.In Dosoevsky's A Raw Youth we can find two types of typical Russian travelers, a former serf pilgrim believing in God and a noble wanderer without belief.