Studies on production of new stock (Matthiola incana R.Br) varieties with dark yellow-colored flowers.

通过砧木与壁花杂交、受精胚珠培养、离体受精和原生质体融合，选育了花深黄色的砧木（Hatthiola incana R.Br）新品种。利用微繁技术还获得了一些可供商业市场使用的砧木。砧木与壁花杂交：两株杂交所得植株的性状和开花早性与母本杂交所得植株的性状和早性基本一致。花的颜色（白色）的植物，通过交叉获得M.ineana cv。“Shiho”x C.cheiri cv。“Aliony orange”不同于母本（紫色），也不同于m.c incana cv的（淡黄色）。“Sosetsu”C.cheiri cy.“all double”与女性父母的（白色）不同。砧木愈伤组织原生质体的分离与培养：光照条件下，砧木愈伤组织原生质体产量高于黑暗条件下。而砧木愈伤组织的原生质在黑暗条件下继续分裂并形成菌落，在添加0.3 mg/l BA的MS改性培养基上培养3个月后形成愈伤组织。原生质体电融合：原生质体形成珍珠链和原生质体融合的最佳条件为：原生质体密度105 /ml，高频电场150 v/cm，交替频率1 MHz，持续20秒，脉冲场强1.5 Kv/ cm，脉冲宽度70 μ s.4。重花砧木组培繁殖：叶片和下胚轴切片以及下胚轴衍生的愈伤组织在1/ 2ms改性培养基上培养，添加BA或玉米素（i mg/1）和l-谷氨酸（30 mm），以补偿NH_4NO_3和kNO_3作为氮源，可作为离体芽形成的突出外植体。少

The following experiments were carried out to produce new varieties of stock(Hatthiola incana R.Br) with dark yellow-colored flowers through crossing between stock and-wall flower(Cheiranthus cheiri L.), fertilized ovule cultuie, in vitro fertilization, and protoplast fusion.The micropropagation was also applied to obtain a number of the stock plants which were useful for commercial markets.1.Crossing between stock and wall flower: The characters and flowering earliness of most of the plants, which were obtained from crossing between the above two plants, were similar to those of the female parents in crossing. The flower color(white) of the plants, obtained through the cross M.ineana cv.'Shiho'x C.cheiri cv.'Aliony orange' was different from that (violet) of the female parent, as well as that (pale yellow) of M.incana cv.'Sosetsu' C.cheiri cy.'all double' was different from that(white) of the female parent.2.Protoplast isolation and culture from stock callus: The yield of protoplast f … More rom stock callus under the light condition was higher than that under the dark condition. However, prtoplasts from stock callus under dark condition continued to divide and grew into colonies, and calluses on the MS modified medium with 0.3 mg/l BA after 3 months of incubation.3.Electrofusion of Protoplasts: The optimal conditions for the formation of pearl chains of protoplasts and the fusin of protoplasts were as follows respectively : a protoplast density of 105 /ml and a high frequency electric field of 150 v/cm under a alternative frequency of 1 MHz for 20 sec., and a pulse field strength of 1.5 Kv/ cm and a pulse width of 70 mu s.4.Micropropagation of stock with double flowers through tissue culture :Leaf and hypocotyl sections and hypocotyl-derived calluses could be applied as prominent explants for in vitro shoot formation when cultured on 1/2MS modified medium supplemented with BA or zeatin (i mg/1), and L-glutamate (30 mm) in compensation for NH_4NO_3 and kNO_3 as a nitrogen source. Less