Intraspecific Differentiation of Secondary Metabolites in the Red Alga Laurencia Nipponica Yamada

海洋红藻Laurencia nipponica Yamada产生多种卤代次级代谢产物。其主要代谢产物可分为两类：前太平洋酚类（chamigrane sesquiterpenoid group，prepacifenol）和直链C_溴醚类（laureatin，laurencin，epilaurallene，kumausallene，isoprelaurefucin，isolaurallene和laurefucin）。<15>采用高效液相色谱法对日本36个当地种群的主要卤代化合物进行了研究。这些材料是每个当地人口的特征。产劳瑞汀的种群主要分布在日本海沿岸的沿着，产劳瑞汀的种群主要分布在本州岛北方的太平洋沿岸的沿着。生产Prepacifenol的人群主要分布在北海道太平洋沿岸的沿着。产生其他代谢物的人群仅限于北海道。该种次生代谢产物的多样性可能建立在其地理分布的偏北地区. ...更多信息 n.在某些地方，产生不同代谢物的种群是同域分布的。这些化学性质不同的种群在形态学上具有可比性，并且在生殖上没有隔离。这些种群可以被视为种族（化学种族）。间杂种F_1四孢子体和配子体的复合物表明，参与这些代谢产物合成过程的酶的基因系统可能由核基因组编码，萜类和溴醚基因系统可能位于同源染色体的不同位点，染色体之间很少发生重组或基因转换。天然杂种和重组型配子体被发现在一个地方，并支持使用人工杂种的实验结果。根据各生理小种的地理分布和主要代谢产物的可能合成过程，可以估计生理小种分化如下。分布于日本海沿岸沿着从南到北的Laureatin小种是原始的，其他小种通过遗传变异从该小种衍生而来，主要有两个方向：1）溴醚基因系统的多样化和2）萜类基因系统的出现。少

The marine red alga Laurencia nipponica Yamada produces diverse halogenated secondary metabolites. The major metabolites can be divided into two groups : chamigrane sesquiterpenoid group (prepacifenol) and straight-chain C_<15> bromoether group (laureatin, laurencin, epilaurallene, kumausallene, isoprelaurefucin, isolaurallene and laurefucin). Major halogenated compounds in 36 local populations from the whole geographical range of this species in Japan were investigated using HPLC. These matabolites characterize each local population. Laureatin-producing populations predominate along the coast of the Sea of Japan, laurencin-producing populations chiefly occur along the Pacific coast of northern Honshu. Prepacifenol-producing populations predominate along the Pacific coast of Hokkaido. Populations producing other metabolites are locally limited in Hokkaido. The diversity of secondary metabolites of this species might be established at northerly localities of its geographical distributio … More n. At some localities populations producing different metabolites are sympatric. These chemically different populations are morphologically comparable and are not reproductively isolated. The populations can be treated as races (chemical races). Compounds of F_1 tetrasporophytes and F_1 gametophytes of interracial hybrids suggest that gene systems producing enzymes which participate in the process of these metabolite syntheses may be encorded by nuclear genomes and the terpenoid- and bromoether-gene systems may be on different loci of homologous chromosomes and recombination or gene conversion may rarely occur between the chromosomes. Natural hybrids and recombination-type gametophytes were found at a locality and support the experimental results using artificial hybrids. On the basis of geographical distribution of each race and possible synthetic process of the major metabolites race differentiations can be estimated as follows. Laureatin race predominating from southerly to northerly localities along the coast of the Sea of Japan is primitive and other races had been derived from this race by heritable variation bearing two major directions : 1) diversification of bromoether-gene system and 2) occurrence of terpenoid-gene system. Less