Distiction of an organic non-electrolyte by a specific reaction and a design of a novel transport system with ion-exchange membranes.

有机溶质与无机离子的膜传输和特定反应相结合，可以区分有机溶质及其选择性传输。醛和糖通过它们与亚硫酸氢根的加合物反应、糖与硼酸根离子的络合反应以及它们的酸解离反应选择性地通过阴离子交换膜传输。醛与亚硫酸氢离子反应生成羟基烷基磺酸盐(HASA)，它是强酸的共轭碱，通过将一个醛从一个亚硫酸盐离子传递到另一个阴离子交换膜上而有效地传递到阴离子交换膜上。醛不能通过氯离子类型的阴离子交换膜传递。膜中的HAsA离子与接收相中的亚硫酸氢根离子发生离子交换反应，显著地促进了醛的传递。当亚硫酸氢根离子浓度较高时，醛在浓度梯度下的传输效率较高。在此基础上，对输运机理和输运方程进行了讨论。通量依赖于源相溶液中醛的浓度，并用该方程预测了极限值的存在，并进行了实验验证。一种醛与另一种醛的分离是可能的，这取决于它们与亚硫酸氢根的加合物的稳定常数。通过这种方法，有机溶质可以通过有机溶质与无机离子的特定反应，在膜传输系统中选择性地传输或浓缩。

The distinction of an organic solute and its selective transport can be carried out by the combination of a membrane transport and a specific reaction of the organic solute with an inorganic ion.Aldehydes and sugars were selectively transported across an anionexchange membrane via their adduct-formation reactions with bisulfite ion, the complex-formation reaction of sugars with borate ion, and their aciddissociation reactions. Aldehydes react with bisulfite ion to form hydroxyalkanesulfonates(HASA), which are the conjugate bases of a strong acid, and were able to be transported efficiently across an anion-exchange membrane on the basis of the relay of an aldehyde from a bisulfite ion to the other, which were fixed on the membrane. Aldehydes were not transported across the anion-exchange membrane of chloride-ion type. The aldehyde transport was enhanced significantly by the ion-exchange reaction of HASA ion in the membrane with bisulfite ion in the receiving phase. Aldehydes were transported efficiently against the concentration gradient when the bisulfite ion concentration was high. On the basis of these results, the transport mechanism and the transport equation were discussed. The flux was dependent on the aldehyde concentration in the source phase solution and the existence of a limiting value was predicted by the equation and confirmed experimentally. It was possible to separate an aldehyde from another aldehyde depending on their stability constants of their adducts with bisulfite ion. Sugars were also actively transported and were separated from each other on the same basis.Organic solutes can be selectively transported or concentrated via this method in the membrane transport system by specific reactions of the organic solutes with inorganic ions.