A STUDY ON INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN CLINICAL BLOOD TEST VALUES.

几十年前，医生和临床病理学家就已经熟知临床血液检测值的个体差异。然而，个体差异的原因直到现在还没有被阐明，部分原因是我们不知道如何将其应用于临床。为阐明临床血液检测值个体差异的特点及其原因，作者对少数自愿者反复采集血液标本，并对这些血液标本或血清进行了多次临床试验。我们研究了适当的血液样本采集次数和血液样本采集间隔，以确定个体正常值。我们阐明了5 - 6次采血是必要的，间隔适当。采血间隔必须足够长，以包括影响测试值的许多原因。如果我们能每月采集一次血样，那将是理想的，但为了避免过度的痛苦，每年采集两次血样是合适的。由于血清总胆固醇等指标有明显的季节性变化，因此在采血时间的选择上必须慎重。由于人血标本难以获得，我们用实验动物，特别是某些品系的大鼠，来阐明临床试验中品系差异的原因，而不是用人体标本来考察个体差异。结果表明，血清亮氨酸氨肽酶（ALP）和血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的值受遗传控制。我们将试图阐明遗传控制的分子基础。

The individual differences in clinical blood test values are well known by physicians and clinical pathologists since several decades ago. The cause of individual difference, however, has not been elucidated until now partly because we did not know how to apply it in clinics. The present authors has made efforts to clarify the features of individual difference of clinical blood test value and also its causes.The present authors collected blood samples repeatedly from a small number of volunteers and did a number of clinical tests with those blood samples or sera. We investigated an appropriate number of times of blood sample collection and the intervals between blood sample collections in order to establish the individual normal value. We elucidated 5 to 6 times of blood sampling with appropriate intervals are necessary for it. An interval between blood sampling must be longer enough to include a lot of causes affecting the test values. It will be ideal if we can get a blood sample once a month, but it will be appropriate to get blood samples twice a year to avoid excessive pain. We must be careful to decide the time for blood sampling because some values such as serum total cholesterol show marked seasonal changes.We used experimental animals, especially some strains of rats, for elucidating the causes of strain difference of clinical tests instead of examining individual difference with human samples since it was so difficult to get necessary number of human blood samples. As a result we elucidated that a value of serum leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is controlled genetically. We will try to elucidate the molecular basis of the genetic control.