Research on the Integrated System of Rain fed Rice Cultivation Area in South Asia from the View Point of Environmental Planning

本研究的主要目的是在分析开发过程中环境结构的实际变化的基础上，对环境的发展规划有一个新的认识。近年来，以旱作水稻田为例，研究了开发影响下区域生态系统稳定快速变化的典型范围。(1)区域生态系统结构，特别是自然、工业和生活系统结构内部的相互关系；(2)由于灌溉发展而引起的区域生态系统结构变化，并伴随着系统要素内部一致性的破坏；(3)上述一致性断裂的消解过程。这些关系与所引进的灌溉设施的规格和功能一起保留了下来。第一次调查是在1987年进行的，(1)，(2)通过访谈和收集作物/土壤的材料/样品的方式，以及(3)对…的部分更多地建立了对研究村落的连续观察系统。第二次调查于1989年进行，主要是(3)在印度泰米尔纳德邦阿兰坦吉的“Egperumalur Eri”和尼泊尔Citwan的“Gaun Mohana”连续观察的村庄。这两项调查分别是与哥印巴托农业学院和特里布万大学农业与动物科学研究所合作进行的。从1988年到1990年的两年时间里，对收集的数据进行了分析和整合。尼泊尔的K.N.PyakurYal教授和B.Pokharel教授应邀参加了这次综合讨论。主要研究结果如下：(A)根据实际用水量，明确了大阿尼恰特运河(Egperumalur Eri)和潘查卡尼亚项目(Gaun Mohana)两个灌溉系统的运行实践和性能。(B)在灌溉发展之前或之后，明确了农民的耕作条件，包括两个村庄的旧作物品种和化肥。种植制度和品种都发生了根本性的变化。(3)明确了灌溉发展前后两村农民的生活状况，包括年消费和贷款情况。许多农户的贷款增加是由于新引进的品种在灌溉开发后表现下降，因为他们不能每年更新种子。(D)最后，灌溉发展应伴随着灌溉系统建立后对农民进行关于其新的耕作和生活方式的适当的在职培训。较少

The main purpose of this research is to get a new concept in development planning for the environment, based on the analysis of actual changes of environmental structure which is caused by development process. Recently irrigated rainfed paddy cultivation villages were selected to be case study for typical range of rapid change of steady regional ecosystem due to development impact as following ;(1) structure of regional ecosystem, especially mutual relationship within the structure of natural, industrial and living systems,(2) structural changes of regional ecosystem due to irrigation development, and accompanying with the break of coherence within elements of systems,(3) dissolution process of the above break of coherence.These relationships were survived together with specifications and functions of the introduced irrigation facilities.The first survey was implemented in 1987 for (1), (2) by mean of interview, collection of materials/samples of crop/ soil, and partially for (3) to se … More t up continuous observation system for the study hamlets. The second survey was implemented in 1989 mainly for (3) at continuous observed hamlets of "Egaperumalur Eri" in Arantangi, Tamil-Nadu India and "Gaun Mohana" in Citwan Nepal. Both surveys were executed in cooperation with Coimbatole Agricultural college and Institute of Agricultural & Animal science of Tribhuvan university, respectively. And the two-years period from 1988 to 1990 were spent on analysis and integration the collected data. Professor K. N. Pyakuryal and Professor B. Pokharel of Nepal were invited to Japan for joining this integrated discussions.Principle results of research are as follows ;(a) Operation practices and performances of both irrigation systems of Grand Anichat Canal (Egaperumalur Eri) and Panchacania Project (Gaun Mohana) are made clear, based on actual water use.(b) Farmer's farming conditions including used crop varieties and fertilizers of both hamlets are made clear for either before or after the irrigation development. Principle changes had been happened on cropping system and variety.(c) Farmer's living conditions including annual consumption and loan of both hamlets are made clear for both before and after irrigation development. Increasing of loan was found for many farmers due to performance down of newly introduced varieties after irrigation development since they could not renew the seeds annually.(d) As for conclusion, irrigation development should be accompanied with appropriate in-service training for the farmers concerning with their new way of farming and living after irrigation system are established. Less