Studies on periglacial processes and landforms in Svalbard, the Arctic

该项目的目的是研究1)开放系统冰盖的形成过程，2)多年冻土热状况与冰和土壤楔形多边形发育的关系，3)冰缘物质运动的过程和速率，4)多年冻土环境下地貌演化的岩性控制，5)研究区域的地貌图。这些调查是在斯皮茨卑尔根(Nordenskiold Land)中部的三个地区进行的：1)靠近山顶的Adventdalen。斯科尔滕，莱因德伦，靠近Mt.3)在Isfjord电台站附近的Linnevatnet附近。根据地貌的方法和类型，调查结果可总结如下：一是地貌图的编制。这些地图首先是用航空照片制作的，然后通过野外工作进行了修改，特别关注了微尺度的地表特征、土壤和其他沉积物的类型、植被等。我们的结果包含Pr…Reindalen有更多的冰川地貌分类，以及一些超冰期地貌，如冰芯冰雹和Mphiysalbreen和Glottfjellbreen上方一系列类似冰雹的小山脊。二是开放系统Pingos和大尺度多边形的动态过程。采用常规测量和摄影测量的方法，对部分平顶山多年变形进行了测量。我们对冰和土壤楔形破裂活动进行了一些仪器测量。伸缩仪固定在永久冻土工作台下方的铁角上，放置在多边形的开放裂缝中。时间序列数据存储在深度约为2m的地温剖面记录仪中。最后是对斜坡质量运动过程的定量方法。用摄影测量法测量单叶的运动。通过测量涂装线和垂直安装的玻璃纤维管的变形以及应变仪的记录数据来估计材料的位移。通过测量被困在铁丝网上的碎片的重量和体积，也估计了雪崩的贡献。较少

The purpose of the project is to investigate 1) forming process of open-system pingos, 2) relationships between the thermal regime of permafrost and development of ice-and soil-wedge polygons, 3) processes and rate of periglacial mass movement, and 4) lithological control over landform evolution in permafrost environment, and 5) to make geomorphological maps of the research areas. These investigations were carried out in three areas in the central part of Spitsbergen (Nordenskiold Land) ; 1) Adventdalen near Mt. Skolten, 2) Reindalen near Mt. Merckollfjellet and 3) around Linnevatnet near the station of Isfjord Radio.Concerning methods and types of landforms, the results of investigations can be summarized as follows;The fist is the geomorphological map compilation. These maps were firstly made by using airphotographs and then revised by means of field works with special attention to micro-scale surface features, types of soil and other deposits, vegetations etc. Our results contain pr … More ecise landform classification in Reindalen and some superglacial topographies such as ice-cored moraines and a series of moraine-like small ridges over Mphiysalbreen and Glottfjellbreen.The second is on the dynamic process of open-system pingos and large-scale polygons. Deformation of some pingos through years were measured by ordinary survey and photogrammetry. We carried out some instrumental measurements of ice- and soil-wedge cracking activities. Dilatometers held with iron angles anchored beneath the permafrost table were set across open cracks of polygons. The time series data were stored in loggers with about 2m depth of ground temperature profiles.The last is quantitative approach to the process of mass movement of slopes. The movements of solifluction lobe were measured by photogrammetry. The displacement of materials were estimated by measuring the deformation of painted-lines and vertically installed glass-fibre tubes and logged data of strainmeters. And the contribution of avalanche was also estimated by means of measuring the weight and volume of debris trapped on wire nets. Less