Diagnosis of Soybean Plants with Special Reference to Raceme Order

基于植物群概念的策略提出后，大豆植物的生长习性迅速明晰。本研究的目的是在总状花序序列（RO）鉴定方面获得大豆生长诊断特征的基本信息。根据大豆植株开花和脱落的观察(c。花蕾脱落率为5%，花脱落率为28%，豆荚脱落率为66%。由于光照的遮蔽，花的脱落特别多。花期较短，仅为萌发期后20天，但脱毛时间较长，从萌发期后不久到成熟期均有脱毛现象。以下五个阶段可以描述RO的内在转变：阶段1，低RO的花脱落；阶段2，高RO下的花脱落；阶段3，下RO脱壳，下RO落花；第4阶段，高RO时豆荚脱落多，高RO时花脱落，低RO时豆荚脱落；阶段5，pod脱落在较低和较高的ROs。为了研究个体活性氧之间的关系，我们进行了脱花实验。在高反渗透条件下，花后立即去除低反渗透可以提高花的数量、结荚率和百粒重。在开花后2周，低反渗透条件下的去花处理导致高反渗透条件下的花数和结荚率增加，因此该地块的种子重达到对照的82%。这些结果表明，在高反渗透条件下，花作为器官补偿了低反渗透条件下汇大小的不足。高RO值下花的去除导致低RO值下结荚率和种子重的增加，因此，除非高RO值的汇大小足够，否则低RO值下的花器官表现出补偿功能。这也可能表明低RO区花器官之间存在紧密的相互作用。综上所述，反渗透是大豆籽粒产量稳定的重要机制。诊断将通过观察花器官在每个生长阶段的状态来实现。少

The growth habit of soybean plants rapidly came to be clear after the proposal of strategy based on Phytomer-concept. The aim of this study is to obtain the fundamental informations of diagnostic characters of soybean growth in terms of the identification of the raceme order(RO).According to the observation of flowering and shedding in soybean plants(c. v. Tatisuzunari), the percentage of the shedding buds, flowers and pods reached 5, 28 and 66 % respectively. The flower shedding was especially increased by shading of light. The flowering took place in the short duration of 20 days after the initiation stage, however, the shedding lasted for fairly long period, ranging from the stage shortly after flowering initiation to the ripening stage. The following five stages were able to describe the inherent transition of RO : Stage-1, flower shedding in lower RO ; Stage-2, flower shedding in higher RO ; Stage-3, pod shedding in lower RO together with flower shedding in lower RO ; Stage-4, pod … More shedding in higher RO together with flower shedding in higher RO and pod shedding in lower RO ; Stage-5, pod shedding in lower and higher ROs. To examine the relationship among individual ROs, the experiment of flower removal was conducted. The amount of flowers, podding ratio and 100-seeds weight in higher RO was risen by the removal of lower RO right after flowering. Flower removal in lower RO at two weeks after flowering initiation derived increasing flower number and podding ratio in higher RO, therefore the seed weight in this plot reached 82% of that in the control. These results suggest that flowers in higher RO functionated as organs compensating the lack of the sink size in lower RO. The flower removal in higher RO derived rises of podding ratio and seed weight in lower RO, consequently it is suggested that floral organs in lower RO show the compensatory function unless the sink size of higher RO is adequate. It may be also suggested that there existed tight interactions among floral organs in lower RO.According to the above investigations, it can be described that RO on soybeans is essential mechanism for stability of seed yield. The diagnosis will be enabled by means of observing the state of floral organs at each growth stages. Less