Studies on Fundamentals of Urban Open Space Planning in Northern Regions

第一章试图对冬季娱乐活动的需求进行分析。结果显示，参加各种户外活动的频率和参加户外积极娱乐活动的人比不参加任何此类活动的人对冬季生活的满意度更高。第二章试图厘清儿童冬季活动与夏季活动的实际情况。结果显示，两组儿童冬季户外活动频次和游乐场使用频次均显著下降，户外活动频次和活动意愿均显著下降；第一个是被动的，第二个是主动的。第三章论述了城市广场人类行为与气候的关系。特别是春季有效温度和日照对户外活动的影响大于夏季和秋季。第四章的目的是明确冬季绿化对居住区的影响。根据五月初和夏季拍摄的绿化数量的比较，我们发现五月初的绿化约占夏季的20%。一项对居民的问卷调查显示，常青树的种植存在一些问题。第五章利用常绿森林、落叶森林、草坪等植被的幻灯片，报道了它们的影像随季节的变化。第六章对北方六个典型城市的城市开放空间特征进行了描述；斯德哥尔摩、奥斯陆、赫尔辛基、哥本哈根、埃德蒙顿和卡尔加里。通过本研究，我们可以发现开放空间规划与户外游憩规划紧密联系的重要性。

The first chapter attempts to analyze the demand for winter recreational activities. The results showed the frequency of participation of each outdoor activity and people who participated in outdoor active recreational activities were more satisfied in winter life than these did not participate in any such activities. The second chapter attempts to clarify the actual condition of children's activity in winter as compared to summer. The results showed a significant decrease in the frequency of outdoor play and use of playgrounds in winter and also showed the two groups by the frequency of outdoor play and their will to play ; the first was passive and the second was active. The third chapter showed the relationship between human behavior in urban square and climate. Especially the effective temperature and sun have greater influence on outdoor activities in spring than in summer and autumn. The purpose of the forth chapter is to make clear the effect of greenery in residential areas in winter. Based on the comparison of the amount of greenery in slides taken in early May and summer, we showed that greenery in early May was about 20% of summer. A questionnaire survey of residents showed a few problems of planting of evergreen-trees. Using slides of evergreen forest, deciduous forest, lawn etc., their image change by seasons were reported in the chapter five. In the chapter six, we described the characteristics of urban open spaces of six typical cities in northern regions ; Stockholm, Oslo, Helsinki, Copenhagen, Edmonton and Calgary. Based on this research, we can find out the importance of close connection between open space planning and outdoor recreation planning.