Comparative anatomical studies of the arteries of the branchial arch derivatives.

本文观察了60只豚鼠、60只家兔和72只家麝鼩的甲状腺和胸腺动脉。结果表明，除Rb外，其它物种的甲状腺上级动脉均以甲状腺中动脉为主，Rb的甲状腺中动脉则以甲状腺中动脉为主。人型甲状腺下动脉在其他物种中罕见，但在大鼠、GP和Rb中出现了类似的动脉。PM、Rb和Sun大鼠甲状腺动脉缺如或极少见。胸腺下动脉在所有种属中均为恒定的，但在Sun中，胸腺下动脉仅在约半个身体侧缺失，而在其余情况下，胸腺中动脉供应胸腺。后者的动脉，然而，发生在Rb和人类的高频率。最高和上级胸腺动脉在大鼠，Rb和人类相对丰富，罕见或不存在的PM和太阳。胸腺甲状腺中动脉在人类中非常丰富，在其他物种中则很少或不存在，GP的胸腺由于位于颈浅，其动脉与其他物种的胸腺动脉不具有可比性。然而，在GP的胸腺动脉发出的舌和发送甲状腺分支存在。该动脉是胸腺和甲状腺的最高动脉，似乎是供应这两个器官的最原始或最古老的动脉。这些结果表明，人的甲状腺和胸腺动脉最复杂，其次是GP、Rb和Sun，PM和大鼠最简单。

The thyroid and thymic arteries were investigated on 60 guinea pigs (GP), 60 rabbits (Rb) 72 house musk shrews (Sun). Results were compaired with those of Polyprotodont marsupials (PM), rats and humans.The superior thyroid artery was dominant in all species excepting Rb, where the middle thyroid was constant. The human type inferior thyroid artery was rare in other species, but the similar artery arising from the common carotid appeared in rats, GP and Rb. The thyroid ima artery was absent or extremely rare in PM, rats, Rb and Sun. The independent thyroid artery which was not recorded in humans were present in GP, Rb and Sun.The inferior thymic artery was constant in all species excepting Sun, where the artery was absent in about one half body side and the middle thymic artery supplied the thymus in the remaining instances. The latter artery, however, occurred in high frequency in Rb and humans. The supreme and superior thymic arteries were relatively abundant in rats, Rb and humans and rare or absent in PM and Sun. The middle thymothyroid artery, which was abundant in humans, was rare or absent in other species.Because the thymus of GP was superficial cervical, its arteries were not comparable to those in other species. However, in GP the thymic artery arising from the lingual and sending a thyroid branch was present. This artery was the highest thymic and thyroid artery observed in all species investigated and seemed that the original or oldest artery supplying both organs.These results show that the both thyroid and thymic arteries are most complex in humans followed by those in GP, Rb and Sun, and are simplest in PM and rats.