Develpment of Computer Literacy Test for Junior High and High School Students

讨论了计算机素养的定义和内容。本文认为计算机素养由情感和知识两个因素构成，并将这两个因素结合起来编制了一个新的计算机素养测验。情绪因素包括两个量表：电脑态度量表（8个项目）和电脑焦虑量表（8个项目）。知识因素包括两个量表，计算机意识量表（10个项目）和计算机知识量表（15个项目）。计算机焦虑量表是由共同研究者Hirata开发的。一般学生完成此测验所需的时间约为30分钟。2，220名学生（初中：1，039名高中：1，181名）接受了此测验。对每个学校类型的每个分量表进行了标准化。每个量表的四个标准分之和收敛为标准分。因此，每个学生可以得到五个标准分，每个子量表的得分和总得分，代表他/她的计算机素养的总体水平。电脑实验影响各量表的得分，高电脑经验的学生对电脑有积极的态度，低电脑焦虑，高认知知识。本研究发现，大学生在计算机编程课程学习后，其计算机素养发生了变化，尤其是在知识领域。

The definition and contents of computer literacy were discussed. We agreed that computer literacy is composed of 2 factors, factor of emotion and factor of knowledge.A new computer literacy test made of these two factors. The factor of emotion involves two scales, Attitude toward Computer Scale (8 items) and Computer Anxiety Scale (8 items). A factor of knowledge involves two scales, Computer Awareness Scale (10 items) and Computer Knowledge Scale (15 items). The Computer Anxiety Scale had been developed by Hirata, co-investigator. Time needed to complete this test was about 30 minutes for average students.2, 220 students (Junior High School : 1, 039 High School : 1, 181) were tested by this test. Standardization for each subscale was done for each school type. Sum of four standard scores for each scale was converged to standard score. So, every students can get five standard scores, scores for each subscale and total score which represent his/her total level of computer literacy.The characteristics of each scale was analyzed. The computer experiments affected all scale score, high computer experience students have positive attitude toward computer, low computer anxiety, and high awareness knowledge. The gender differences and developmental differences are also found. This test found that university students enrolled in computer programming course changed their computer literacy, especially in knowledge field.