Modes of Social Integration in a Multiethnic Nation - A Case Study of Malaysia -

该项目的目的是通过关注马来西亚的特定社区来研究多元文化的情况。从人类学、历史和地理的角度，选择马来西亚不同的文化多样性地区进行研究。11位学者参与了该项目，各自的主题。宫崎骏研究了柔佛州和吉打州的民间信仰和民间医学。结果表明，当地的医生一直在努力将他们的实践融入伊斯兰教的教学中，尽管客户大多过于实际，他们不愿意咨询不同种族的医生。藤本对槟城种植水稻的人进行了调查，比较了马来农民和华人农民的态度和倾向。根据结果，马来农民倾向于更保守，并向邻居寻求帮助，而那里的中国人通常更有野心，并在一个更强大的群体中合作。加藤在森美兰州的研究对象是华人和马来人共同居住的当地社区。他的研究结果表明，自日本占领以来，这种相当的内婚倾向已经消失，地方团结被民族团结感所取代。Mizushima使用实地数据和书面记录来描述霹雳州当地社区的详细情况。通过对比记录和访谈结果，他重构了一个特定区域的变化，反映了宏观的变化。黑田东彦研究了居住在泰国边境附近讲泰语的穆斯林萨马萨姆人。她描述了他们的历史，阐明了他们不断变化的身份。中泽专注于吉打州的暹罗佛教社区。在这里，这些人与周围马来人的融合在过去已经放松，因为与外部世界更好的交流提供了不同类型的身份。野村研究了沙巴和砂拉越的华人社区，他发现基于信仰和/或原籍地的自愿协会在形成目前的华人社区方面发挥了重要作用。津上的研究对象是沙捞越的内陆人口卡扬人。正如津上所报道的那样，卡扬人的身份主要是反对他们的邻居城市，这是基于他们家庭制度的特殊性。小口健二从地理学的角度对FELDA的农村发展方案以及该方案对当地社区的形成进行了研究。Tomisawa研究了沙巴的巴夭人，重点研究了定居的巴夭人对海上游荡的巴夭人态度的变化。Omosawa观察了丁加奴马来渔民的经济活动，在他们致力于商业分配的过程中，出现了相当大的财富两极分化。如上所述，在项目过程中获得了详细和理论上重要的数据，并将成为进一步讨论马来西亚社会的基础。少

The aim of this project is to study a multicultural situation by focusing particular communities in Malaysia. The different areas in Malaysia which shows great cultural variety are chosen for the study and research from anthropological, historical, geographical points of view. Eleven scholars took part in this project with respective theme.Miyazaki researched folk belief and folk medicine in Johor and Kedah. The result shows that there have been efforts by local medicineman to adopt their practice to the teaching of Islam, although the clients are mostly so practical that they do not care to consult the medicineman of different ethnicity.Fujimoto conducted a research on the rice-cultivating people in Penang where he compared the attitudes and tendencies of Malay farmers and Chinese farmers. According to the result the Malay farmers tend to be more conservative and to ask for help of the neighbors, while the Chinese people there are generally more ambitious and co-operate within a Kinsh … More ip group.Kato's research in Negri Sembilan was on a local community where Chinese people and Malay people live together. His research results show that the rather endogamous tendency was lost since the Japanese occupation and the local unity was replaced with the sense of ethnic unity.Mizushima used both field data and written records to describe the detailed picture of a local community in Perak. By checking and comparing the register and interviewed result he reconstructed the change of a particular area, which reflected the macro change.Kuroda researched the Samasam, Thai-speaking Moslems who live near the border to Thailand. She described their history and elucidated their changing identity.Nakazawa focused on a Siamese Buddhists community in Kedah. Here again the integration of these people with the surrounding Malay people in the past has been loosened since the better communication with the outer world offered different type of identity.Nomura researched Chinese communities in Sabah and Sarawak where he found the voluntary associations based on belief and/or the place of origin played an important role in forming the present Chinese communities.Tsugami's research was on the Kayan people, the inland population in Sarawak. The Kayan identity, as Tsugami reports, is mainly insisted against their neighbor, the lban, and is based on peculiarity of their family system.Komoguchi made a research on the FELDA's scheme of rural development and on the forming of local communities by that scheme from geographical point of view.Tomisawa researched the Bajau people in Sabah and focused on the changing attitude of the settled Bajau towards the sea-wandering Bajau.Omosawa observed economic activities among the Malay fishermen in Trengganu where a considerable polarization of wealth is taking place in the process of their commitment to the commercial distribution.As was summarized above, detailed and theoretically important data were obtained in the course of the project and will be the basis of further discussion the Malaysian society. Less