Photomolecular mechanisms of flavonoid synthesis in plants.

这项国际科学研究计划于1991年至1993年在1990年3月30日形成的神户和阿尔伯特-路德维恩（弗赖堡）大学科学合作协议的基础上进行。首先，神户大学和弗莱堡大学的研究小组分别由桥本教授和莫尔教授领导，后来由申副教授和莫尔教授接替。分别Wellmann。为交流资料和开展研究，桥本教授从神户出发，于1991年6月至9月和1992年10月至12月访问了弗莱堡；博士。1991年8月至12月，Shin教授和sakihama博士，1993年10月。1992年9月，威尔曼教授从弗莱堡来到神户，并在神户住了两个星期。成员在两所大学举办的讨论会如下：1991年7月，t.h ashhimoto在弗莱堡，“光诱导的生长抑制和新型生长抑制剂A-2的代谢”。和e.w ilmann在神户，1992年9月，“UV-B环境……地球上更多的环境和植物的UV-B保护机制”。t.h ashhimoto， 1992年11月，弗莱堡，“除光敏色素Pfr外的红光信号在高粱花青素合成中的储存”。研究结果表明：1)在UV-B波段具有强吸收的花青素等类黄酮被UV-B和红光诱导合成，保护植物组织免受UV-B的有害作用（Wellmann et al. 1984）；2)作用光谱表明，包括花青素在内的类黄酮的诱导涉及UV-B光感受器，在290 nm处吸收最大，但不损伤DNA (Hashimoto et al. 1991,1993)；3)在UV-B照射下，红酵母从细胞壁产生一种吸收UV-B的物质，并将K^+可逆地释放到介质中，表明存在一个UV-B驱动的K^+通道。这些UV-B效应不涉及DNA损伤，但可能由UV-B光感受器控制（Hashimoto和Hada 1993年，在准备中）；4) UV-B辐照高粱中胚轴的异常生长（卷曲）与胸腺嘧啶二聚体的形成量密切相关，根据作用谱和光活化（Tsurumi et al. in preparation）；5)通过对二甲堂免疫分析法的改进，建立了胸腺嘧啶二聚体及其他DNA光产物的简便特异测定方法（ELIFA）。该研究成果自1994年起在日本环境厅的全球环境研究UV-B项目中得到采用和推广。少

This international scientific research program was carried out from 1991 to 1993, based on the Kobe and Albert-Ludwings(Freiburg) Universities Scientific Cooperation Agreement formed on 30th March, 1990. First, the research groups of Kobe and Freiburg Universities were, respectively, headed by Profs.T.Hashimoto and H.Mohr, and later succeeded by Assoc.Prof.M.Shin and Prof.E.Wellmann, respectively.To exchange information and carried out researches, from Kobe, Prof. Hashimoto visited Freiburg and stayed there from June to September, 1991 and from October to December, 1992 ; Dr.S.Tsurumi, from August to December, 1991, and Prof. Shin and Dr.Sakihama, in October, 1993. From Freiburg Prof.Wellmann came and stayed in Kobe for 2 weeks in September, 1992. The seminars by members were given at both Universities as follows : T.Hashimoto at Freiburg, July, 1991, "Light-induced growth inhibition and the metabolism of novel growth inhibitors A-2". and E.Wellmann at Kobe, September, 1992, "UV-B envi … More ronment on the Earth and the UV-B protection mechanisms in plants". T.Hashimoto at Freiburg, November, 1992, "Storage of red light signal other than phytochrome Pfr for anthocyanin synthesis in sorghum".The research project afforded the results : 1) anthocyanin and other flavonoids having an intense absorption at the UV-B band are induced to be synthesized by UV-B and red light, and protect plant tissues from UV-B's harmful actions (Wellmann et al. 1984) ; 2) action spectra indicate that the induction of flavonoids including anthocyanin involves a UV-B photoreceptor with the maximum absorption at 290 nm, but not DNA damage (Hashimoto et al. 1991, 1993) ; 3) on UV-B exposure Rhodotorula minuta produces a UV-B-absobing substance from the cell wall, and reversibly releases K^+ into the medium, suggesting the presence of a UV-B-driven K^+ channel. These UV-B effects do not involve DNA damage, but may be controlled by a UV-B photoreceptor(Hashimoto and Hada 1993, in preparation) ; 4) an abnormal growth (coiling) of the UV-B irradiated Sorghum mesocotyl is closely correlated with the amount of thymine dimer formed, in accordance with an action spectrum and photoreactivation (Tsurumi et al. in preparation) ; 5) a convenient, specific determination method (ELIFA) of thymine dimer and other DNA photoproducts has been devised by modifying the Nikaido immunoassay method. The research results are adopted and extended from 1994 on in a UV-B project of global environmental researches of the Environment Agency of Japan. Less