Historical Studies on Changes in a Technical Structure of production systems in Mechanical Engineering Industries and on Effects of Microelectronics --Comparison of technological structure between 1940s and 1980s.

本文从40年代与80年代比较研究的角度，对机械制造业生产过程中微电子技术的变化和影响进行了研究，得到了以下结果：1.它敦促这两个时期之间的差异取决于反馈控制的存在。此外，我们还注意到工厂以外的广泛技术变革。(1)作为现代工厂制度的技术基础，机床（工作机器）和生产机器之间的技术和工业关系一直到20世纪末都很薄弱。(2)随着汽车工业中的专业化生产机器的发展，上述关系变得更加牢固，这些机器起源于机床技术（从工作机器到生产机器的转变）。(3)由于微电子技术的进步，在20世纪70年代至80年代期间，类似的转变再次进行.随着数控机床的普及，机械工程行业的技术基础发生了根本性的变化，FMS作为机床行业的一种新的自动化系统而形成。在其他国家，FTL作为汽车工业的一部分出现。在这种变化下，一项R&D工作就变成了一项经济意义上的生产性工作。

We studied technological changes and effects of microelectronics in production processes in a mechanical engineering industry from the standpoint of comparative studies between 1940s and 1980s and obtained the following results:1. It is urged that the differences between both periods depend on the existence of a feedback control. In addition, we gave attention to a wide spread of technological changes beyond factories.(1) Technological and industrial relations between machine-tools(job ma- chines) and production machines as a technological basis of a modern factory system had remained week until the end of 1900s.(2) The above relations became stronger as specialized production ma- chines, which worked in the car industry, developed originating from the technologies of machine tools(a transformation of job machines to production machines).(3) The similar transformation proceeded again in the periods from 1970s to 1980s as a result of the progress of microelectronics technologies.2. The technological basis of the mechanical engineering industry became changed fundamentally as NC-machines were diffusing into the industry, and FMS were formed as a new automation system in a machine-tool industry. In others, FTL emerged as a part in the car industry.3. Under the changes mentioned above, a work of R&D comes to a productive one in a economical meaning.