From Event Models to Event Schemata: Modal and Amodal Event Representations and the Role of Meta-Cognition for Dynamic Event Comprehension

人类在日常生活中毫不费力地处理动态和短暂的信息。例如，他们在道路交通或团队运动中整合时空动态信息，并采取适当行动。事件感知和认知理论通常假设动态事件处理是基于观察的心理表征，并且连续的感觉信息流在变化点被分割成有意义的片段。在当前的事件认知理论中，一个重要的考虑是，最初的感觉信息存储在活动的图式、抽象的心理表征中，而这些抽象表征反过来又指导对事件未来状态的编码和预期。提出的工作包将(1)研究如何将感觉和知觉信息抽象为模态事件表示；(2)运用元认知研究的方法，研究事件结构是否以及如何调节模态和模态信息。工作包(3)解决了当前事件认知理论的局限性：它们主要关注人类经常遇到的自然行为的动态场景，例如准备早餐或打扫房间。因此，如果没有对动作已有的模态表示，就很难描述事件认知是如何工作的。因此，工作包(3)研究了如何构建事件模式以及它们如何影响事件处理。

Humans process dynamic and transient information quite effortlessly in their daily lives. For example, they integrate spatial and temporal dynamic information in road traffic or team sports and act appropriately. Event perception and cognition theories generally assume that dynamic event processing is based on a mental representation of the observation and that the continuous stream of sensory information is segmented into meaningful segments at points of change. An important consideration in current theories of event cognition is that initial sensory information is stored in schematic, abstract mental representations of the activity and that these abstract representations, in turn, guide encoding and anticipation of future states of the event. The proposed work packages will (1) study how sensory and perceptual information is abstracted to amodal event representations; (2) use methods from metacognition research to study if and how the event structure modulates modal and amodal information. Work package (3) addresses the limitation of current theories of event cognition: they focus mainly on dynamic scenes of naturalistic actions humans have often encountered, such as preparing breakfast or cleaning a room. As a result, it is difficult to describe how event cognition works without an already existing amodal representation of the action. Work package (3) thus studies how event schemata are built up and how they influence event processing.