Liberalization of Fruit Trada and Globalization of Fruit Farming in Japan

本研究分析了世界市场框架下日本水果贸易自由化的结构，以及日本水果种植业对全球化的反应。(1)运用类型学方法对实际经营国际食品贸易的跨国公司进行分析：a .粮食贸易大户；b .热带产品外向型贸易商；c .高价值食品贸易商。[qh]包围；[1]本文从世界粮食系统组织的角度对巴西的橙汁工业和智利的落叶水果农业进行了研究。[qh] [qh][)在关贸总协定谈判中，引入食品安全法规的国际上限有助于保证跨国公司获得巨额利润。(2)对美国作为日本最重要的水果出口国进行了比较分析，如：（]SY.encircled1.[）农业体制（No^^-ho^^-）与农业组织类型之间的关系，（]SY.encircled2.[）市场结构与产业组织之间的关系，（]SY.encircled3.[）太阳带地区（CA.FL.）与雪带地区（NY.WA.）之间的区域研究。研究还分析了[]SY.encircled4.[)在生鲜水果市场中，家庭企业农场是最具效率和竞争力的组织类型，[]SY.encircled5.[)合伙制安排适用于有计划的所有权和经营权转移的家庭循环。(3)日本水果种植全球化的主要课题是，[][j] [j] . [j] . [j] .] [j] .] [j] .] [j] .] [j] .] [j] .][qh]包围；[]苹果种植者建立了低成本苹果直接销售给消费者的公司（hiroaki -shi）。[qh] [qh][1]鸟取果农合作社通过更仔细的种植控制和合作社的赏金支付制度，向美国出口了日本梨。综上所述，日本水果种植业必须建立有效的整体食品体系，才能在国际市场上与跨国公司竞争。少

This resarch analyzes the structure of liberalization of fruit trade under the frameworks of the world market and the responses to the globalization by fruit farming in Japan.(1) The multi-national corporations actually managing the international food trade are analyzed with the typological methods such as, A.the big merchants of grain trade, B.the traderes of export-oriented tropical products, C.the traderes of high-valued foods. (〕SY.encircled2.〔) Orange-juice industry in Brazil and deciduous fruit farming in Chile are resarched here from the viewpoint of organization of the world food-systems. (〕SY.encircled3.〔) In GATT negociation, the introduction of the international ceiling of food safe codes helps the guarantee for huge profits to the multi-national corporations.(2) The U.S.fruit farming as the most important fruit exporter for Japan is analyzed by the comparative methods such as, (〕SY.encircled1.〔) the relationship between the agricultural system(No^^-ho^^-) and the type of fa … More rm oranization, (〕SY.encircled2.〔) the marketing struture and the industrial organizations, (〕SY.encircled3.〔) the area studies between sun-belt area (CA.FL.) and snow-belt area (NY.WA.). The resarch also analyzes that (〕SY.encircled4.〔) in fresh fruit market, the family corporation farm is the most efficient and competitive type of organization, (〕SY.encircled5.〔) the partnership arragement is used to the family cycle with planned ownership and management transfer.(3) The main subjects of the globalization of fruit farming in Japan are, (〕SY.encircled1.〔) the integrated farmer's strategy for bringing out the quality improving and cost reducing in the citrus producing area (Mikkabi-machi). (〕SY.encircled2.〔) Apple growers establish the corporation of low-cost apple directly marketing to consumers(Hirosaki-shi). (〕SY.encircled3.〔) Tottori Fruit Growers Cooperatives has exported Japanese pears to U.S.A with the more careful growing control and the bounty payment system of the coopratives.In conclusion, Japanese fruit farming have to establish the efficient total Food-System to compete with the multi-national corporations in the world market. Less