Study on Mechanism put load of lime fertilizer to environment under acid rain and its prevention

石灰肥常用于农田酸性土壤的石灰化。近年来，酸雨或酸雾已笼罩着地球，为了阐明酸雨作用下石灰土钙向环境的负荷机理，我们进行了基础研究，取得了以下结果：（1）山区森林土壤、柿果园土壤和高地耕作土壤中直径大于2mm的团聚体在pH3的硝酸溶液中发生破坏的情况。这些土壤以结晶性粘土矿物为主，并受到不同程度的人为作用，石灰对这些土壤的作用主要表现为粒径大于2mm的团聚体的增加。这种效果延长了将这些土壤浸入酸溶液中破坏骨料所需的时间。对于以无铬为主的火山灰土，浸水对土壤团聚体的影响没有表现出明显的崩解等趋势 ...更多信息 四种土壤加酸处理后的土柱流出液中钙离子含量均高于只加纯水处理的土柱流出液。对于森林土和果园土，石灰土柱的出水中钙离子含量是原状土柱的2倍以上。果园土壤在酸溶液处理初期，其流出液中的钙离子含量约为石灰肥中钙离子的一半以上，采用模拟酸雨处理土壤粘粒样品，研究自然环境中酸雨对土壤粘粒性质和性质的影响。火山灰土中常见的无定形或有序性差的粘土矿物，与结晶层硅酸盐粘土矿物相比，更容易被模拟酸雨溶解并发生结构变化。在酸雨作用下，伊毛戈兰的结构比脲基芳弱。硅铝比低的脲基芳抗酸雨能力较差，结果表明，酸雨对火山灰土壤环境中粘土胶体的影响大于非火山灰土壤环境中粘土胶体的影响。钙离子对沃氏藻藻体顶端的生长有强烈的抑制作用，随着钙离子浓度的增加，藻体顶端的生长呈线状在具有不同离子浓度的五种溶液中培养。少

Lime fertilizer is commonly used for liming acid soil in farm land. Recently,acid rain have fall on earth or acid fog have lay over it. We studied basic research in order to clarify mechanism put load of calcium to environment from the liming soil under acid rain.The results obtained are summarized as follows:Some case occurred that aggregate with diameter more than two millimeters was destroyed by nitric acid solution with pH 3 for forest soil in the mountain,soil in orchard of persimmon,and soil in cultivated upland field. These soils mainly had crystalline clay minerals and have different degree of act on it by man. Effect of liming on these soils came out from increase of aggregate with diameter more than two millimeter. The effect prolonged the time requiring destruction of aggregate by immersion of these soils in the acid solution. Effect of the immersion on the soil aggregate did not show a clear tendency in order to slake and so on for volcanic ash soil,which mainly have non-cr … More ystalline clay mineral.Calcium ion in effluent from the soil column if adding the acid solution was more than that of the case of adding pure water only for all four sample soils. The calcium ion in effluent from the liming soil column was above double as much as that of the case from the native soil column for the forest soil and the orchard soil. The ion above one-half as much as added calcium from lime fertilizer existed in the effluent by the acid solution for the orchard soil in the early stage.Clay colloid samples were treated by simulated acid rain,in order to clarify the effect of acid rain on the nature and properties of soil clays in natural environment. Amorphous or poorly-ordered clay materials,which often occur in volcanic ash soils, were easily dissolved and changed in structure by the simulated acid rain,in comparison with crystalline layer silicate clay minerals. It was recognized that imogolite was weaker in structure than allophanes under the acid rain. As for allophanes,the samples with low SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratio was less in resistance against the acid rain,compared with the samples with high ratio.The obtained results indicate that effect of acid rain on clay colloids is greater for environment of volcanic ash soil than for that of non-volcanic ash soil.Growth at tips of algae body with state of string was strongly inhibited by calcium ion as concentration of the ion increased for Vaucheria cultivated in the five solutions with different concentration of the ion. Less