DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR BREAKING BUD DORMANCY IN FRUIT TREES

1.通过GC-MS分析，确定大蒜、韭菜和Rakkyo挥发物中解除葡萄休眠的活性物质分别为二烯丙基二硫、烯丙基二硫和二甲基二硫。2.至于葡萄藤，二甲基二硫醚是最有效的应用时，无论是糊状或蒸汽。大蒜油，一种从大蒜中提取的精油，也很有效。3.在'八幡白凤'桃，10%大蒜油是有效的20%的CaCN 2悬浮液的上清液，并提高芽的突破12时，1月5日应用。然而，较早的应用减少了萌芽的数量。4.甜樱桃对这些物质的反应与桃相似。5.在低温（0 ~ 515冷度单位）下，45 ℃下处理4小时，虽然芽在厌氧条件下暴露48小时或施用2%CaCN_2对芽的萌发没有影响，但对芽的萌发有明显的促进作用。大蒜油没有效果。6.在日本柿，虽然大蒜油也不影响芽的断裂，20%的CaCN 2和50%的“Merit”解决方案的悬浮液的上清液显着增强芽的断裂。7. 100 ppm的苄基腺嘌呤（BA）处理兴津濑温州蜜柑，能显著促进芽的萌发，并使根区降温，增加新梢和花的数量。在大蒜糊和CaCN 2.8的上清液中没有发现效果。事实上，KCN和SHAM的应用程序都增强了葡萄芽的打破，抑制抗氰呼吸被认为是参与打破休眠的作用机制。日本梨在解除休眠过程中，饱和/不饱和脂肪酸比值下降，可能与细胞膜功能的变化有关。

1. Through the GC-MS analysis, the active substances in garlic, Chinese chive and Rakkyo volatiles responsible for breaking dormancy in grapevines are identified as diallyl disulfide, allyl mercaptan and dimethyl disulfide, respectively. 2. As for grapevines, dimethyl disulfide is most effective when applied as either paste or vapor. Garlic oil, an essential oil extracted from garlic, was also effective. 3. In 'Yahata Hakuho' peach, 10% garlic oil was as effective as a supernatant of 20% suspension of CaCN2, and enhanced bud break 12 when applied on January 5. The earlier application, however, reduced the number of bud break. 4. The response of sweet cherry to these substances was similar to peach. 5. In 'Nijisseiki' Japanese pear, during the low chilling (0 to 515 chill unit), although exposing the buds to anaerobic condition for 48 hrs or applying 2% CaCN2 did not affected on bud break, heating at 45 C for 4 hrs considerably enhanced bud break. Garlic oil had no effect. 6. In Japanese persimmon, although neither garlic oil nor GA3 affected bud break, a supernatant of 20% suspension of CaCN2 and a 50% 'Merit' solution significantly enhanced bud break. 7. In 'Okitsuwase' satsuma mandarin, Benzyladenine (BA) at 100 ppm markedly enhanced bud break and cooling root area increased the number of shoots and flowers. No effect was found in the garlic paste and a supernatant of CaCN2.8. The fact that both KCN and SHAM applications enhanced bud break of grapevines, an inhibition of the cyanide-resistant respiration was assumed to be involved in the mechanism of action of breaking dormancy. In Japanese pear, as the ratio of saturated / unsaturated fatty acids decreased during the process of releasing dormancy, a functional changes in cell membrane was supposed to be involved.