Development of New Functional Polyelectrolytes From Lignins.

开发新型、特色化的木质素化学品是实现木材综合利用经济可行的关键。本文对新型木质素聚电解质的研究进展进行了展望，并对其作为分散剂和土壤添加剂进行了展望。为此，在不同条件下对几种分离木质素进行了自由基磺化和碱氧处理。在这里，自由基磺化处理是由作者开发的，通过一个磺酸基团被引入芳核在邻位的自由酚羟基。这就是为什么自由基磺化木质素被期望表现出一些特征和不同于正常木质素磺酸盐的性质，在正常木质素磺酸盐中，一个磺酸基团位于木质素侧链上。在该项目的第一阶段，我们成功地建立了自由基磺化处理的最佳处理条件。第二阶段，从结构特征的角度考察了各种木质素的反应性。非常有趣的是，即使高度浓缩的克拉森木质素也表现出与硫酸盐木质素相当的反应性。第三阶段，研究了水溶性木质素在水溶液中的行为。发现这些木质素不是以单分子的形式存在，而是以聚集体的形式存在，这可能是由于疏水相互作用的结果。在最后阶段，这些木质素对幼树白桦树生长的影响。现在下结论还为时过早，但完全自由基磺化的硫酸盐木质素可能对树木的生长有加速作用。

It is quite essential to develop new and characteristic ligno-chemicals for the economically feasible total- utilization of wood. In this research, the developments of new ligno-polyelectrolytes which can be utilized as dispersing agents and soil additives, were aimed. For that purpose, the radical-sulfonation and alkali-oxygen treatments of several isolated lignins were accomplished under the various conditions. Here, the radical-sulfonation treatment was developed by the author, by which a sulfonic acid group is introduced into an aromatic nucleus at the ortho-position to a free phenolic hydroxyl group. This is why a radical-sulfonated lignin has been expected to show some characteristic and different nature from a normal lignosulfonate, in which a sulfonic acid group is located at the side chain of lignin.At the first stage of this project, we succeeded to establish the optimum treatment conditions for the radical-sulfonation treatment. At the second stage, the reactivities of various lignins were examined form the standpoints of their structural characteristics. It is very interesting to note that even highly condensed Klason lignin showed a comparable reactivity to kraft lignin. At the third stage, we studied the behaviors of water soluble lignins in aqueous solutions. It was found that these lignins do not exist as single molecules, but exist as aggregates presumably because of the hydrophobic interaction. At the final stage, the effect of these lignins to the growth of young white birch trees. It is too early to conclude at this noment, but a fully radical-sulfonated kraft lignin may have an acceleration effect for the growth of trees.