Model calculations of long-time changes in the middle and upper atmospheric chemical composition, temperature and circulation resulting from a changing Earth magnetic field

众所周知，地球磁场以或多或少的规则间隔频繁地改变其极性。通常，这种变化每隔100.000年发生一次，持续时间长达数千年。在这种情况下，地球磁场被强烈地减弱，不到其正常值的10%。此外，在这些期间，预计会有更高级别的磁场配置(例如四极)。在磁场强度减弱的时期，更大流量的外星粒子会穿透大气层。(...)在地球磁场减弱和/或高度改变的时期，外星粒子将穿透到较低的大气中，更重要的是，还会到达通常没有外星粒子的地区。(...)为这项研究提出的研究将扩展现有的大气化学和传输模型(CTM)，以研究和评估地球磁场变化的影响和重要性，以及由此导致的高能粒子在大气中的数量、分布和渗透的增加。特别是，将研究修改后的全球斯特拉球化学，其中一个重要重点是估计全球范围内臭氧消耗物质的产生率。(.)

It is well known that the earth magnetic field changes its polarity in more or less frequent regular intervals. Typically such changes occur every 100.000 years, and have a duration of several thousand years. During such events the earth magnetic field is strongly reduced being less than 10% of its normal value. In addition during these periods magnetic field configurations of higher order (e.g. Quadrupoles) are expected. During periods of a reduced magnetic field strength, a much larger flux of extraterrestrial particles penetrate the atmosphere. (...)During periods having reduced and/or highly modified geo- magnetic field, extraterrestrial particles will penetrate lower into the atmosphere, and more importantly also reach regions where extraterrestrial particles are normally not found. (...)The research, proposed for this study will, extend existing atmospheric Chemical and Transport Models (CTM`s) to investi- gate and assess the impact and importance of changes in the earth`s magnetic field and the resultant increase in the amount, distributions and penetration of high energy particles in the atmosphere. In particular the modified global strato- spheric chemistry will be studied with one important emphasis being the estimation of the production rates of ozone depleting substances on a global scale. (...)