Joint study on the biogeography around the Tsushima Current Regions

用于解释对马流起源的数值模式表明，在正压研究下，对马流基本上是由地转调整驱动的。济州岛周围的水团分布是：冬季黄海暖水通过索胡克山岛南部流入黄海，黄海冷水南下流经太湖三岛至朝鲜半岛之间，夏季黄海底层冷水南下至索胡库桑岛南部，黄海暖水通过太湖三岛进入黄海。济州岛沿岸有77种远洋桡足类，其中黑潮也观察到的7种为优势种。春初、夏初、冬初有3个高峰期，中华哲水蚤、硬背水蚤、慈竹、羽螺在夏季和冬季有两个高峰期，中华哲水蚤只有1个…峰对马岛浅水湾和朝鲜半岛南岸表层沉积物中的现代甲藻孢囊由25种以上的类裸藻、裸藻、类结核和类周藻组成，并且它们的α多样性与地表水温呈显著正相关。前者沉积物中含有末次冰期以来的Kikai-Akahoya火山灰层，后者可能记录了末次冰期以来的古环境变化。根据丹霍盆地沉积物的孢粉学分析，末次盛冰期日本月桂林分布在南九州沿海地区。对马海流区发现月桂乔灌木129种，其中53种分布于日本岛屿，仅4种分布于韩国卫星。在岩石露头植被研究中，杜鹃变种。Poukhanense分布于岩脊、峡壁等生境。在济州岛首次记述了一个新的植物群系，Adino-Rhododuretom Poukhanense。对采自朝鲜半岛、济州岛、后藤县、对马县、鹿儿岛等地的一种两栖鱼类Plecoglosalus altivelis的淀粉凝胶电泳法分析结果表明，这些种群的基因频率没有显著差异，但福鱼和Oki种群的基因频率可能是由人工缔造者效应建立的。对马和济州地方马的系统发育研究表明，它们在系统发育上有较近的亲缘关系，它们的祖先可能是蒙古本地马普氏野马。朝鲜半岛、济州岛等地的蝗虫、苍术、野马和野马都具有超数染色体(B染色体)，而朝鲜半岛、济州、对马、Iki、后藤和九州的马群则存在超数染色体的多态。这些事实支持了九州在末次冰川时代之前就与朝鲜半岛相连的事实。对鹿花鱼的核型分析表明，2n*=24(n=12)是日本岛上特有的一种类型，其边界从北到南位于Amami岛和Yaku岛之间，从东到西位于对马和朝鲜半岛之间。较少

Numerical model used for understanding the origin of the Tsushima current suggests that the currents is basically driven by geostrophic adjustment under the barotropic study. The water mass distribution around Cheju Island is as follows ; In winter Yellow Sea Warm Water flows into the Yellow Sea through the southern sea of Sohuksando, and Yellow Sea Cold Water flows southward through Taehuksando are between Sohuksando and the Korean Peninsula, otherwise in summer Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water flow southward to the southern sea of Sohukusando and Yellow Sea Warm Water flows into the Yellow Sea through Taehukusando.77 pelagic copepods were found around the coast of Cheju Island, and 7 species of them which have been also observed in Kuroshio are predominant. Paracalanus indicus shows three peaks in abundance in early spring, early summer and early winter, Calanus sinicus, Acartia steuteri, Corycaeus affinis and Oncaea plumifera did two peaks in summer and winter, and A.omorii had a single … More peak in autumn.Modern dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of Aso Bay of Tsushima Island and southern coast of the Korean Peninsula consists of more than 25 species of gymnodinioid, gonyaulacoid, tuberculodinioid and peridinioid groups, and also the strongly positive relation was observed between their alpha diversities and surface water temperatures.Boring core sediments were collected from two points in Cheju island ; Mt.Tong Su Ak and west of Sogwipo. The former sediments contained Kikai-Akahoya volcanic ash layr near the base, and the latter probably record the palaeoenvironmental change since the last glacial time.According to palynological analysis for sediments collected from the Danjo Basin, the Japanese laurel forest was distributed along the coastal area of South Kyushu in the last maximum glacial time.One-hundred and twenty-nine species of laurel-leaved trees and shrubs were found in the Tsushima Current regions ; of which 53 species were restricted to Japanese islands and only 4 to Korean satellites. In studies of rock outcrop vegetation, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense is distributed on those habitat of rocky ridges and gorge wall. A new plant association, Adino-Rhododendretum poukhanense, we first described from Cheju Island. Another out crop plant, Carypters incana, was found on such habitat with thin vegetation cover.A result of starch gel electtrophorensis for an amphidromous fish, Plecogloss altivelis collected from Korean Peninsula, Cheju, Goto, Tsushima, Oki and Kagoshima suggests that these population do not show any significant difference in gene frequency except for the populations of Fukue and Oki which probably established by the artificial founder effect.There are no significant differences in gene composition of Phxinus oxcephalus jouyi collected in Nagasaki, Coto, Tsushima and southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, and this suggests that these populations are still uniform. However, the populations in Shimo-Tsushima and Nakadouri-jima have a distinct gene composition probably given by a genetic random drift.Phylogenetical investigation on native horses in Tsushima and Cheju by using electrophoresis for protein in blood and mitcondrian DNA-analysis revealed that these horses have closely relationship in phylogeney and also suggested that their ancestor may be Equus przewalskii, a native horse in Mongolia.Acrida lata, Atractomorpha bedeli and Gonista bicor populations in the Korean Peninsula, Cheju, Tsushima, Iki, Goto and Kyushu possessed supernumerary chromosomes (B-chromosomes), and A.bedeli populations in the Korean Peninsula and Kyushu showed a chromosomal polymorphism for a supernumerary segment. These facts support that Kyushu was connected with the Korean Peninsula before the last glacial age.A karyomorph analysis for Crocothemis cervilia suggests that a type of 2n*=24 (n=12) is endemic only for the population of the Japanese Island, and its boundaries are located between Amami Island and Yaku Island in the north-to-south, and between Tsushima and the Korean Peninsula in the east-to-west. Less